Approaching Thing Slavery Lacanian Analysis -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Approaching Thing Slavery Lacanian Analysis? Answer: Introducation The above quoted lines of Banquo from the famous play of William Shakespeare, Macbeth, tell us about the real nature of the supernatural elements in the context of our world (Lowrance, 2012). The supernatural elements, since the 6th Century B.C have been an important element of the Literary world (Punter, 2015). In the 19th century, the emergence of the Gothic Literature confirmed the love, which people generally hold for the supernatural elements (Botting, 2012). Many authors as well as poets since then have made use of the elements of supernaturalism to bridge the gap between the real as well as the unreal elements in Literature (Botting, 2012). Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and Toni Morrisons Beloved are two such novels of the 20th century which marketing use of the elements of supernatural elements transcend the gap between the real world as well as the unreal world (Hauhart, 2013). It is to be noted that the novel Beloved by Toni Morrison is often looked upon by the critics as on e of the progenitors of the artistic style of magical realism (Hauhart, 2013). The Great Gatsby The novel The Great Gatsby is often considered by many to be the masterpiece of F. Scott Fitzgerald. The novel talks about the concept of The Great American Dream and its corruption (Fitzgerald, 1950). It is the story of Jay Gatsby and his love for his unrequited love for his beloved Daisy Buchanan (Fitzgerald, 1950). The entire life of Gatsby revolves around one thing, that is, to get back Daisy in his life. However, in the climax of the novel he realizes that all his life he had loved a tinsel goddess, whom is not worth his love as well as devotion (Fitzgerald, 1950). The author to render the unrequited love of Gatsby a fairy tale element makes use of various supernatural elements like alcohol, phone, valley of ashes, green light outside the house of Daisy and various others. Some of the supernatural elements used in the novel are as follows- Valley of ashes The valley of ashes metaphorically represents the present state of the world. It can also be compared to the Inferno of Dantes The Divina Commedia (Fitzgerald, 1950). The author makes use of the supernatural element to portray the emotionless as well as the ruined life of the residents of this living Inferno. Therefore, it can be said that the valley of ashes is not just a supernatural element but it forms one of the structural elements of the novel (Hauhart, 2013). Green light The supernatural element of the green light which is ever present outside the house of Daisy and visible to Gatsby, is the symbol of the eternal hope, which is ever burning in the heart of the protagonist of the novel. This supernatural element symbolizes Gatsbys hope that maybe one day the wheels of fate will turn and his beloved will come back to him (Hauhart, 2013). Alcohol Alcohol is another element which is ingrained into the structural element of the novel. It is seen that alcohol is one of the common used element in the novel and forms one of the essential ingredients of the parties which Gatsby organizes in the hope that maybe one-day Daisy will come to one of his parties and get impressed by all the wealth as well as the grandeur of his greatness (Hauhart, 2013). It is also to be noted that just like the way in the Gothic novels, the lead character under the spell of the supernatural elements give away all their secrets, so in this novel as well the lead characters under the spell of alcohol give away all their secrets. Beloved Beloved, is often considered to be the masterpiece of the Nobel Laureate, Toni Morrison (George, 2012). The novel explores the lives of the slaves of Kentucky who have been illegally kidnapped and brought from their native land of Africa to work as slaves in America (George, 2012). The novel provides a penetrating insight into the lives of the black slaves and their community during the Civil War, through accounting of the slave, Margaret Garner, who killed her daughter in order to save her from the cruel institution of slavery (Morrison, 2010). This dead daughter of Margaret mysterious returns back to life as an adult person to haunt her mother and her younger sister. The author, the first African American to win the Nobel Prize, makes use of some supernatural elements to render the lives of the black slaves more real as well as fantastical at the same time (George, 2012). Some of the supernatural elements used by the author are as follows- Water Water is one of the most dominant supernatural elements to be used in the novel. It is to be noted that the crossing over of the middle passage, many African women killed themselves by jumping into the ocean (Morrison,2010). Therefore, the author uses the symbol of water as a supernatural element in the novel. It is to be noted that the dead daughter of Seth, emerges from the river as a fully-grown woman, Seth cannot hold her uterus and has to relieve herself in the middle of the road and when she relieves herself, she feels that the entire river which she crossed while giving birth to the daughter whom she killed herself, will come out of her. It also to ne noted that Beloved sees the image of Seth in the water and considers Seth to be her mother on the basis of that. Trees Trees are another important supernatural symbol used in the novel. It is to be noted that the native Americans used to consider the native Africans to be mystical creatures who used to live on trees in their native country. Thus, it is to be noted that there are many mystical references to trees in the novel. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the various elements of supernaturalism form an important element of the different novels of the 20th century. The elements of supernaturalism are often used by the authors in a bid to cross the thin bridge between reality and fantasy and to render the past world more mystical as well as romantic. Thus, the authors of the novels, The Great Gatsby as well as Beloved have incorporated the elements of supernaturalism in the novels to render them more fantastical and also to make an appeal to the inner nature of the human beings. References Botting, F. (2012). In Gothic Darkly: Heterotopia, History, Culture. A New operations to the Gothic, 13-24. Fitzgerald, F. (1950). The great Gatsby. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. George, S. (2012). Approaching the Thing of slavery: a Lacanian analysis of Toni Morrison's Beloved. African American Review, 45(1), 115-130. Hauhart, R. C. (2013). Religious Language and Symbolism in The Great Gatsbys Valley of Ashes. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews, 26(3), 200-204. Lowrance, B. (2012). " Modern Ecstasy": Macbeth and the management of the Political. ELH, 79(4), 823-849. Morrison, T.(2010). Beloved. Fyfield, Oxfordshire: Oak Tree Fine Press.

Minimum Wage The Questionable Policy Essays - Economy, Business

Minimum Wage: The Questionable Policy As early as 6.00 am in a dark and cold morning of Midwest winter, a few people walking on an icy sidewalk. Under chilling wind, those people walk to a large, old building. Inside the building, the people work for repetitive, backbreaking low waged jobs. In the same day, late at night, you can see similar scene: some people walking out of the building under heavy snowstorm. Being one of those people, I know the feeling of a minimum waged worker. Like all of those workers, I feel exhausted after finishing my job. Everyday, I wait with impatience to hear my supervisor say That is it, turn off the belt. After put off my safety gloves and sweep my sweat, I can only think to return to my room and sleep. I lost most of my time and energy just for a few dollars. There are a lot of people that work harder and earn less than me. The poor, especially less-skilled workers, has access only to bad jobs at bad wages (Blank 64). Those workers always face bad situation. They are poor. They are struggling to sustain the life of their families. On the contrary, the owners of the company where they work have a high standard of living. Bad wage is advantageous for the group of people known as traditional elites who own labor-intensive firms because it lowers production cost, thus increase the competitiveness of the product. For that reason, it is natural for the traditional elites to keep wage as low as possible. This action creates what Karl Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto as naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation (82). The minimum wage seems to be an appealing solution against these abusive exploitations. Applying a minimum wage law, government can force a wealth distribution among the owners and their lowest level workers. On Saturday, June 25, 1938, The U.S. Congress first instituted a minimum wage with the Fair Labor Standard Act. The minimum wage was set at 25 cents per working hour (US Department of Labor). The federal minimum wage is increase overtime, adjusted for higher living cost due to accumulated inflation. The minimum wage level is currently set at $5.15 per working hour (2001). An increase in minimum wage can help the poor by substantial amount. A 75-cent per hour increase in the minimum wage means an additional $1,500 for a minimum wage earner who works full-time, year round as much as the average family spends on groceries in 6 months (Bureau of Labor Statistics). For a minimum wage worker, this fund injection is greatly helpful. Minimum wage increase is undoubtedly favorable for low waged earners, even if their current wage is well above the minimum wage. A theory known as the ripple effects (Welch 26) said that an imposed minimum wage increase all wages, and lowest wages are affected most. There is at least another advantage of imposing higher minimum wage. According to Gregory Mankiw, one of the ten principles of microeconomics is people respond to incentives (7). Higher wages give stronger incentive to the labors, and as a result, a stronger effort to work. In other words, higher wages can generate higher profit. This opinion sounds too good to be true, but when Henry Ford open his famous car factory, the theory is proofed. With a very generous wage in his time, Ford recorded one of the greatest successes in the history. As popularly believed, minimum wage provides a win-win situation to deprive poverty. If it is so advantageous then we should raise the minimum wage with a substantial ammount. The vast majority of Americans will agree to raise the minimum wage to $5 per hour or more. How many will agree to increase minimum wage to $100 per hour? I am sure that most well educated person will not agree to such an extreme increase. According to the law of supply, a high price level will raise the quantity demanded. With a very few exception, this law prevail for all kinds of market, including the market of labor. Thus, an upsurge in the minimum wage will promote the number of people interested to join the labor force. The new labor emerge from

Canterbury essays

Canterbury essays The Clerks Tale is an indirect response to the Wife of Bath who stated that women desire complete sovereignty over their husbands and lovers. The Clerk puts forth a diametrically opposite view and draws the sketch of a totally submissive Chaucers source for the Clerks tale is Petrarchs Fable of Obedience and Wifely Faith written in Latin that was in turn derived from Boccaccios Decameron. Chaucer closely follows Petrarchs text. Chaucer makes the Clerk candidly acknowledge that his tale is derived from "Frauncey's Petrak". The Clerks Tale is suited to his character as a serious student. His tale too has a scholarly theme and deals with the issue of genuine obedience and loyalty in a wife. Griseldas story upholds faith in goodness even in times of adversity. It is definitely a moral tale and the Clerk relates it with all seriousness and The Hosts warning to the Clerk to keep his language simple and to tell an entertaining and adventurous tale were not needed. The tale proves that the Clerk was not an ossified academic. However the Clerk does not relate an adventurous tale and does make use of rhetoric and figures of speech. When the Clerk concludes his tale the Host commends him for relating his story in a sweet and Chaucer has invested, the folk tale Petrarchan version of the patient Griseldas story, with an amazing degree of realism. Griselda comes across as a real life human character. Her sincerity to her husband and affection for her children seem realistic. Her pathos is heart rending and earns the readers Griseldas story of long suffering may be unappealing to modern readers. But it is important to interpret the tale in the context of the fourteenth century. Griselda was simply acting in accordance ...

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 44

Ethics - Essay Example The objective of this paper is therefore, to identify examples of dubious activities which are involved in this movie. The first ambiguous activities in the movie, is the way most of the employees who work for the brokerage company becomes millionaires very fast. In real life situations, it takes a while for someone to become a millionaire. For example, in one of the scenes where Snarls Jin tells new recruits that the company does not hire brokers, but they train millionaires. This does not make sense because first of all, this is a brokerage firm, but one of the senior most managers tells its employees that they do not hire brokers, but train them to become millionaires. In addition its common knowledge that, every manager will always try to show new recruits, the company’s laid down rules. Therefore, the activities that the company; is involved with is ethically questionable. The moral philosophy by which the parties seemed to have relied to justify their actions is mala prohibita. This moral philosophy, describes the acts which are not morally wrong, but however, the law prohibits them (Mara and Roberts 108). The parties in the movie relied upon this philosophy to justify their actions by getting involved in dubious stock exchange in order to get rich quickly. This is because when they are caught, the law enforcers will not be able to find any evidence against them, unless they do a much thorough investigation. In addition to that, the constitution is also not very clear on what penalties someone found committing mala prohibita should be given (Mara and Roberts 109). The two alternative philosophies which could have led the parties to different results are mala in se and misdemeanor. Mala in se can be defined as those acts which are immoral and very wrong for killing someone. Misdemeanor on the other hand can be said to be those crimes which are not very serious and therefore attract less penalties (Mara and Roberts 110). In case the

Does islam permite acting in film and theatre Essay - 1

Does islam permite acting in film and theatre - Essay Example Acting is generally forbidden in Islam but is allowed for certain constructive purposes provided certain conditions are followed. The issue of acting being allowed or forbidden in Islam is a topic of great controversy among the scholars and interpreters of Islam. However there is complete consensus among all the various scholars about the type of acting which involves obscenity, interaction between men and women and other evil actions. All the scholars unanimously agree on the prohibition of this type of acting in Islam. There is no dispute among the Islamic scholars as far as this kind of acting is concerned (Al-Munajjid 2009). The prohibition of this type of acting is clear from the saying of Sheikh Abu Bakr Zayed (may Allah preserve him) to the effect that chivalry (behaving properly and decently) happens to be an objective of sharee’ah, plus whatever undermines that makes a person unsuitable for giving statement in court. Islamic teachings stress upon lofty characteristics and prohibit base and low characteristics. And as far as acting is concerned, actors are mostly seen by the viewers as performing ridiculous activities and moving and talking in a ridiculous way. They are yet seen as feigning madness. Thus it is proven beyond doubt that acting is among those things that seriously undermine chivalry. This further leads to the fact that acting is among those things which make a person unsuitable for giving testimony in the court of law. Such a thing cannot be approved of by Sharee’ah in any way. Now let us consider the type of acting about which there exists a controversy among the scholars of Islam. Some forbid it completely while others allow it within certain guidelines of Sharee’ah. This controversial type of acting is one that involves two or more than two persons performing before a group, through actions and dialogue, with a purpose to teach the group about Islamic principles and injunctions, or

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay The term perpetual motion exactly refers to the movement that goes forever. However the term usually refers to any device that Always produces more energy than it consumes that ultimately results in a net output of energy for indefinite time. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, according to this law there could not be any such kind of machine in existence. The most commonly contemplated type of perpetual motion machine is a mechanical system which sustains motion indefinitely, regardless of losing energy to  friction  and  air resistance. A second type of impossible perpetual motion machine is one which does not violate conservation of energy, but produces work by spontaneously extracting  heat  from its surroundings, thereby cooling them down, and converting the heat energy into mechanical work. Such machines are prohibited by the  second law of thermodynamics. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE The perpetual motion machine violates both first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement of conservation of energy while the second law has so many different kinds of definitions, and can be described in many ways. The most common definition of second law is heat always flows from hot body to colder body. No heat engine can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engine Machines which are claimed not to violate either of the two laws of thermodynamics but rather to generate energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines. By way of example, it is possible to design a clock or other low-power machine, such as Coxs timepiece, which runs on the differences in barometric pressure or temperature between night and day. Such a machine has a source of energy, albeit one from which it is impractical to produce power in quantity. CLASSIFICATION OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF FIRST ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF THIRD ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER Impossible machines. Our second kind is of machines that challenge logic; like the drawings of Maurice Escher, where water runs perpetually downhill, but in a closed cycle. In fact, Escher did make one drawing of a waterwheel run perpetually in such a flow (See Figure ). Another impossible machine has weights of magnitude 9 on one side which become of weight 6 on the other when the weights turn upside-down It is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics. This type of machine is different from real heat engines (such as car engines), which always involve a transfer of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder one, the latter being warmed up in the process. In a perpetual motion machine of the second kind there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is not possible, according to the second law of thermodynamics. In relevance, for example, an automobile engine is not a perpetual motion machine because it works on the basis of the temperature difference between the fuel burning in the cylinder and the cooler environment outside. In order so that it functions, some of the chemical energy released as heat when the fuel burns must not be converted to work, but must be exhausted to the cooler reservoir of the environment by the exhaust gas and the radiator. As explained by statistical mechanics, there are far more states in which heat distribution is close to thermodynamic equilibrium than states in which heat is concentrated in small regions, so temperatures will tend to even out over time, reducing the amount of free energy available for conversion to mechanical energy. Why is Perpetual Motion considered to be Impossible? The idea of perpetual motion sounds so clear-cut. An electric car powered by perpetual motion could recharge its own batteries forever, or a perpetual motion clock could without human intervention rewind itself for years. But there is a reason why perpetual motion machines remain in the area of dream; its the Laws of Thermodynamics. Some inventions may appear to run by perpetual motion, but they usually rely on a hidden source of external energy. Both the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics keep our perpetual motion car in the garage. According to one portion of the First Law, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed to different forms. The batteries which power an electric car only contain a fixed amount of energy. Most of this energy goes into propelling the electric motor, but some is inevitably lost through friction and the recreation of momentum after a stop. Our perpetual motion cars recharger would have to create even more energy in order to keep the batteries at full capacity. No such power generator exists, nor can one be built if the Laws of Thermodynamics are true. The Second Law of Thermodynamics also prevents perpetual motion machines from becoming reality. Part of the Second Law states that heat energy inevitably seeks out cold areas, eventually creating a neutral temperature state called entropy. This means our proposed perpetual motion car will eventually conk out from a lack of usable heat energy. The motor casing gets hot during work, and some of that heat energy would be dissipated into the air, not back into the battery system. Since external factors such as gravity and friction would be constantly pulling on the machine, eventually all of the usable energy would be lost. Perpetual motion machines would only be possible if a substance could be found that generated more energy than it used. Some inventors hoped that radioactive materials would prove to be useful as perpetual motion engines, but their energy is still considered finite. Magnets have also been used to power would-be perpetual motion machines, but their continued operation often requires some external energy source. Gravity is usually considered a force hostile to the cause of perpetual motion, but some inventors use gravity to their advantage when creating theoretical perpetual motion machines. Because scientific laws and theories generally deem perpetual motion impossible, patent offices are extremely reluctant to grant patents for such machines. Proposed perpetual motion machines are the only devices which require a working model at the time of patent application. To date, no inventor has successfully submitted a working model of a true perpetual motion machine MACHINES THAT WORKS ON PERPETUAL MOTION Motionless Electromagnetic Generator, a device that supposedly taps vacuum energy. Perepiteia, a device that claims to utilize back EMF. Stanley Meyers water fuel cell Motionless Electromagnetic Generator An electromagnetic generator without moving parts includes a permanent magnet and a magnetic Core including first and second magnetic paths. A first input coil and a first output coil extend around Portions of the first magnetic path, while a second input coil and a second output coil extend around Portions of the second magnetic path. The input coils are alternatively pulsed to provide induced Current pulses in the output coils. Driving electrical current through each of the input coils reduces a Level of flux from the permanent magnet within the magnet path around which the input coil extends. In an alternative embodiment of an electromagnetic generator, the magnetic core includes annular Spaced-apart plates, with posts and permanent magnets extending in an alternating fashion between the plates. An output coil extends around each of these posts. Input coils extending around portions of the plates are pulsed to cause the induction of current within the output coils. WATER FUEL CELL The water fuel cell is a purported perpetual motion machine invented by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940   March 21, 1998). He claimed that an automobile retrofitted with the device could use water as fuel as a substitute of gasoline. The fuel cell supposedly split water into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen was then burned to generate energy, a process that reconstituted the water molecules. According to Meyer, the device required less energy to perform electrolysis than the minimum energy requirement predicted or measured by conventional science. If the device worked as specified, it would violate both the first and second laws of thermodynamics, allowing operation as a perpetual motion machine. Meyers claims about his Water Fuel Cell and the car that it powered were found to be fraudulent by an Ohio court in 1996. Throughout his patents and marketing material, Meyer uses the terms fuel cell or water fuel cell to refer to the portion of his device in which electricity is passed through water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Meyers use of the term in this sense is different towards its usual meaning in science and engineering, in which such cells are typically called electrolytic cells. Furthermore, the term fuel cell is generally reserved for cells which produce electricity from a chemical redox reaction, whereas Meyers fuel cell consumed electricity, as shown in his patents and in the circuit pictured on the left. Meyer describes in a 1990 patent the use of a water fuel cell assembly' and portrays some images of his fuel cell water capacitor. According to the patent, in this case   the term fuel cell refers to a single unit of the invention comprising a water capacitor cell   that produces the fuel gas in accordance with the method of the invention. REFRENCES US Patent # 6, 362, 718, Motionless Electromagnetic Generator Patrick, et al. (March 26, 2002)

Literature Review †Business Schools Role in Society Essay

Introduction Since 2007, the people of this planet have been living on 150 percent of its natural resource capacity (WWF, 2010). Increase in consumption does not show any signs of slowing down, as a consequence of emerging third world countries. The role that business schools play in this situation and its importance cannot be understated (Financial Times, 2010). In order to save this planet, we need to create a sustainable business environment, where corporations put ethics and social responsibility in front of profits. We need to switch the focus of all businesses from shareholders to stakeholders. Can this actually be taught? Or do governments need to legislate such actions? This topic is especially interesting because of the weight of our future that lies within this. If we do not change the way we teach students about core values of our society, the future of our planet may become very undesirable. These sources were acquired mainly from the EUR sEURch engine, as well as reading several articles from global news agencies in order to grasp a certain overview of this topic. * * * Literature Investigation * Addressing Concerns Raised by Critics of Business Schools by Teaching Multiple Approaches to Management (Dyck, B et al. 2011) 0 This article is a study about two ways of teaching management at classroom level. The article mentions concerns from other researchers about the way management is being taught in today’s universities. The authors argue that today’s students have a materialistic-individualistic point of view during their studies, and that these characteristics are consolidated during their time in the business study. These arguments are supported by an experiment. The authors indicate that there is flaws in the way business schools teach, and therefore actions should be taken. Others reject this and say management is an objective science. * This article might help to understand how business schools can change in order to make students more focused on stakeholders and ethics than shareholder profits. The article was published in a journal called Business and Society Review. It holds many references, where three of them are from Harvard Business Review. It was published 2011, therefore its currency cannot be questioned. Arguments are supported by an experiment. However, only one experiment was conducted which included a relatively small sample. The role of business schools in society (Cornuel, E 2005) The main subject of this article is very closely related to arguments stated in the introduction. It underlines the important role that business schools play to raise awareness of corporate social responsibility. It briefly mentions the need of humbleness in today’s business schools. Published in The Journal of Management Development in 2005, the importance and relevance of this article has become more of a current interest after it was published. Although the arguments are logical, this source does not provide sufficient support for its arguments. However, it does discuss interesting points and views within the subject. The author is Eric Cornuel, an Affiliate Professor at HEC, and Director General & CEO of EFMD. The non-profit turn and its challenges for business schools (Cornuel, E & Kletz, P 2011) Here, the researchers describe the challenges that business schools are facing today. Aiming towards the increase in demand for managers with an education in non-profit organizational management. The increase in large foundations (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for example) is supposedly one of these demand shifters. The recent financial crisis is also argued to be one of the reasons for the movement towards education for non-profit and sustainability management at top business schools. There are two different models in how to change the curriculum in order to fill this need. The Double Standard Model, which argues that non-profit organizations should be managed differently than ordinary businesses, while the Business-Driven Model argues the opposite. Same author as in the previous source, Eric Cornuel, together with Pierre Kletz, Mandel Leadership Institution, Jerusalem, Israel. This research paper was published in the Journal of Management Development in 2011. This source gives meaningful insights to how and why business schools should make changes in their curriculum. Strategy & Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility (Porter, M & Kramer, M R 2006) This article was published in the Harvard Business Review in 2006. It is about how corporations can benefit from corporate social responsibility, instead of seeing it solely as a cost. One of the two authors is Michael Porter of Harvard Business School, one of the world’s most famous economists. This source is highly reliable because of two reasons. 1. Reputation of the author. 2. For the fact that it was published in one of the world’s most prestigious journals. It provides useful information for my future arguments, when it comes down to what business schools and businesses can gain from increasing CSR, and thereby improving global sustainability. Conclusion These articles all have one common argument. Business schools have to change. The disagreements lie in how this change should be executed, and what result that is to be expected from it (Financial Times, 2008). They all agree that business schools have a major impact on society, and therefore a great responsibility. Most researchers focus on how corporations must change, consequently leading to a change in demand for young managers with special skills in that area. Hence provoking the change of the business schools curriculum. This could be seen as delegating the responsibility of change to those corporations. As shown in the recent financial crisis, greed can make top executives act unethically, with no sense of corporate social responsibility. Should corporate social responsibility be legislated in order to achieve global sustainability? What role do business schools play in this? How can business schools act to ensure a positive future for our planet? Bibliography WWF 2010. Human demand outstrips nature’s supply, viewed 14 April 2012, Financial Times, 2010. Schools ignore sustainability revolution, viewed 17 April 2012, Dyck, B et al., 2011, ‘Addressing Concerns Raised by Critics of Business Schools by Teaching Multiple Approaches to Management’, Business and Society Review, Volume 116, Issue 1, pp. 1 – 27, viewed 17 April 2012, retrieved from Wiley Online Library database. Cornuel, E 2005, ‘Role of Business Schools in Society’, The Journal of Management Development, Volume 24, Issue 9, p. 819, viewed at 17 April 2012, retrieved from ABI/INFORM Complete database. Cornuel, E & Kletz, P 2011, ‘The non-profit turn and its challenges for business schools’ Journal of Management Development, Volume 30, Issue 5, pp. 483 – 491, viewed at 17 April 2012, retrieved from ABI/INFORM Complete database. Porter, M & Kramer, M R 2006 ‘Strategy & Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility’, Harvard business review, Volume 84, Issue 12, p. 78, viewed at 17 April 2012, retrieved from Business Source Premier database. Financial Times, 2008. The importance of sustainability, viewed 16 April 2012, Self Reflection I approached the writing of this essay by and initial review if my previously submitted work, in order to grasp the full context, but also to see where I wanted to go and remind myself of the opinions I had while writing. I mostly free wrote for quite some time, and then later putting it all together with more approvable sentences in an academic sense. My biggest struggle was to get all the sources together to create some sort of an overview of the topic, since many of the articles were devoted to certain specific topics. I (hopefully) overcame this by reading a lot of different sources, and making connections to my own topic. I learned that starting an essay by free writing is the best approach for me personally, although a lot of time has to be dedicated to editing in the end, especially in the sense of making it all stick together as a whole piece. *

Owner-Manager Types Essay

Cranfield School of Management has been studying the behaviour of entrepreneurs and their relationship with key staff in some thousands of growing UK companies. Cranfield study has concluded that it is the entrepreneurs themselves who are the most likely to be the biggest stumbling block to the growth and development of their own company. Cranfield grouped entrepreneurs into four dominant types of relationship with their staff, mainly: Heroes, Artisans, Meddlers and Strategists. Past Cranfield studies shows that most small firms do not think very much about their future strategy. In fact, less than a third of small and medium enterprises across Europe set their objectives in terms of profit and margins. This is somewhat surprising as profit and profitability are the key measures of business success. However, as over two-thirds of owner-managed companies with a turnover of i 10 million do not have a plan at all, it should come as no surprise that few entrepreneurs are strategists. Other research has uncovered the shocking fact that 60 per cent of senior staff in small firms leave within two years of their appointment. Some of these early departures can be put down to poor recruitment. The researchers studied two important elements of this relationship. The first element studied was how much time the owner-manager spent on routine management tasks such as marketing, selling, analysing figures, reviewing budgets or arbitrating between managers. The second one examines what level of business skills has been attained by the key staff. Heroes Probably the Heroes undertake one management function such as sales or production. The Heroes’ time is now spent on managing the business. As the level of business skill throughout their employees is still relatively low, the Heroes will take the lead in starting routine management procedures. They will introduce ideas from the courses they attend to the firm and be the only persons who really understand them. That is the reason why they will be considered as Heroes from the rest of the employees. Unfortunately, this leads to the Heroes taking the Herculean role on their hands. In this case, allocating operations to the employees is relatively simple as the working skills in most businesses are either readily available in the local community or the people can be trained up without too much difficulty. On the other hand, passing out routine management tasks will almost always require that the owner or manager trains up his own management teams. There are few well trained managers available to the small company because of two main reasons. Firstly, the overall pool of such people is small as training in the small business sector until recently has been almost exclusively concentrated on the Entrepreneur. Secondly, well trained managers usually seek jobs in larger firms with more opportunities for advancement and more resources to practice the â€Å"art of management† on. The Heroes have a high capacity for improving the firm performance but still have low growth prospects when compared to their market. They have no time for strategic thinking and no depth of management to handle growth effectively. Artisans In the Cranfield model, the Artisans are characterized by low occupation with routine management tasks. The reason is that most of their time is spent producing a product or delivering a service. The level of business skills in the company is also low as most of the Artisan’s staff is employed helping in â€Å"production† or performing primary duties, such as book-keeping or selling. Artisans can include professional firms, such as architects and surveyors, manufacturers, sub-contractors or small building firms, owners of small retail chains such as chemists, video stores and proprietors of hotels and restaurants. Little time is available either for routine management tasks such as examining performance or reassessing methods. Every hour that can be sold is sold and little time is left over to either improve the quality or profitability of today’s business or to consider strategy for tomorrow. The Artisans have low growth prospects in relation to their market. Their training and development needs are to raise their awareness of the management significance as a business task of equal importance with daily revenue earning. Meddlers The Meddler increases the level of management skills either by training or recruitment but then fails to delegate routine management tasks. At this stage, according to the Cranfield model, the owner-managers probably have no operative responsibilities and have assumed the role of managing directors. Typically, they spend much time anticipating subordinates, introducing more refined, but largely unnecessary management systems. They also go on courses or read books that make them even more well-informed and sometimes better at routine management tasks than their own employees, who anyway are by now doing a perfectly satisfactory job of managing today’s business. They get in early and leave late and practice â€Å"management by walking about†. The Meddlers’ problem is that they cannot delegate routine management tasks because they feel useless. They have been used to a 70-90 hour week with only 10 days holiday each year. Once their management team is in place and trained, they are out of a job. Until they reduce their involvement with routine management tasks, they will limit the growth capacity of this firm for two reasons. Firstly, their management team will not take on more duties if the reward for taking on the last lot of responsibility was being irritated and criticised. Secondly, they are too busy checking on people to develop sound strategies for growth. Strategists The Strategists are the most desirable type of entrepreneurs to develop a growing business. They develop the management skills of their team to the highest appropriate level and in depth. They may introduce a staff duty to help their line managers in such areas as personnel and market research. This will free-up their key managers to think strategically too. They will dedicate roughly a third of their time to management tasks such as monitoring performance, co-ordinating activities, resolving conflict and helping to manage today’s business. A third of their time will be spent motivating, counselling, developing management teams and helping them to manage change. This activity is aimed at improving the existing business. The final third of their time will be devoted on developing strategic thinking to form the shape of the future business. Their training needs will be to continuously update their core leadership and motivation skills and to increase their depth of knowledge on strategic issues, acquisition or divestment activity and financing sources. Relationship between the Owner-Manager and His Key Staff in a Growing Firm The natural path of development for the relationship between the owner-manager and his team is to pass from Artisan to Hero to Meddler and for the lucky few to become Strategists. Why Family Businesses Die The family business is deeply rooted in the sense of pride of the owner like most of other forms. Schein (1998) said that this is reinforced by a desire for autonomy which forms part of the five â€Å"career anchors†. This becomes possible with the combination of vision, energy and dedication. Moorman and Halloran (1993) stated that there are more businesses that fail than they succeed in this competitive market place. Twenty-four from one hundred start-ups fail in the U. S. , within the first two years and more than sixty within the first six years. This happens due to lack of planning and preparation which is the most common reason. The second is the lack of creativity which is important to survive. Some businesses offering the same product may succeed because they are doing something better and more innovative than competition. The â€Å"Copy Cat† approach lacks creative skills to turn its product into a unique selling proposition. This can be harmful for family businesses.

Pharmacology as a Career Essay - 2011 Words

Throughout my years in high school and participating in many hours with a community service program, I have been exposed to many nation and world issues. I have been exposed to the impacts of children’s cancer and the health issues impacting many third-world countries. I have also been introduced to many opportunities that have allowed me to grow as a person and become better aware of the events that are occurring all over the world. After all of my life experiences, I decided on a career that can benefit all communities, whether if they are first-world or third-world countries. My goal is to study in the field of pharmacology and become a pharmacologist. Based on the career I have chosen to pursue, there are several questions I have†¦show more content†¦as possible† (USPharmD.com). Being a researcher in a laboratory isn’t the only option that a pharmacologist has. If I were to pursue this career and obtain a PhD degree, I would be able to teach students at a university and partake in individual research instead of researching for a company. Another question that came to mind was the difference between a pharmacist and a pharmacologist. When I began to think of my career path, I thought there was not much difference. But after doing research, I learned that there is a very large difference between the two. As a pharmacist, they dispense â€Å"prescription medication to patients [and] also provide information about the drugs their doctors have ordered for them. They explain doctors instructions to patients so that these individuals can use these medications safely and effectively† (careerplanning.about.com). They also explain to the patient of any side effects that their medication may have and help pharmacy technicians sort medications. In comparison, a pharmacologist â€Å"studies medicinal drugs and their interaction with the human body in order to develop new drugs to fight disease† (careercruising.com). Other than doing research studies in the laboratory, they also perform clinical trials to test their drugs, either of laboratory animals or human volunteers. They can also educate college or university students on pharmacy-related courses or be a part of a pharmacy department on theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drugs On The Health Of Humans706 Words   |  3 Pages Due to its necessity in our everyday lives, the ever-growing field of pharmacology provides a wide range of opportunities that allow those following this path to lead very successful careers as pharmacologists. Pharmacologists are scientists who perform experiments in regards to pharmaceutical drugs in order to analyze the effects that certain drugs have on the health of humans. Pharmacologists study the effects of these drugs and work in the development of new or more effective drugs to aid inRead MoreBeing A Registered Nurse As A Nurse1270 Words   |  6 PagesI decided to major in Nursing because I knew I always wanted a career in the health field, but I do not want to go to medical school. At least right now I do not want to, but that may change in the future. Nursing interests me because I would have options about what kind of nurse I want to be, who I want to work with and the setting I would like to work in. There are a lot of topics that interest me as a nursing major. I’m mostly interested in the hands on experience and actually doing the clinicalRead MoreThank The Wcccd Sna And Staff1220 Words   |  5 PagesI would like to start by taking this opportunity to thank the WCCCD SNA and staff for allowing me to attend this year’s NSNA Mid-Year Conference. It was a wonderful experience, and it made me even more elated for my future career as a nurse. I greatly appreciate the opportunity to meet fellow nursing students and prospective employers and educators. I was impressed by the NSNA’s display of professionalism, organization and how they met the standards of the Code of Conduct established by the BoardRead MoreThe Effects Of Biological Systems And The Impact On Huma n Disease971 Words   |  4 Pagesvisits to the hospital opened a faucet of interest in medicine. I am fascinated by the human body and how the body responds in a variety of induced unfavorable conditions. With much consideration and educational preparation I have concluded that as a career I will study pathology with considerable concentration on the effect of biological systems and the impact human disease has on society. My plan is to study Pathobiology as a doctoral student which will properly expose me to professional experienceRead MoreMy Life Of A Child1567 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning of the end. With the above statement in mind and newly developed interest in core pharmaceutical sciences, I decided to push the throttle hard. I applied for pharmaceutical programs nationally and internationally and was selected in MS Pharmacology and Toxicology program at University of Kansas. School of Pharmacy at University of Kansas is highly reputed across the nation for its superior academic level and training. I joined Dr. Liqin Zhao’s laboratory and got involved in a number of independentRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Safety And Accurate Reporting1067 Words   |  5 Pagestraining regarding medication administration (15%). In fact, less than half of the nurse’s questioned reported attending specialized pharmacology or medication administration classes in nursing school. In relation to my own experience, I am thankful to attend a program where I have been offered extensive training on giving medications, as well as learning the pharmacology of the medications themselves. I have also been allowed to practice this training immensely in the clinical setting. I believe thisRead MoreAlfred Gilm An Amazing Scientist Who Saved Countless Lives.1051 Words   |  5 Pagesbut during the Great Depression he had postdoctoral fellowships at Yale for Biochemistr y and Pharmacology. He graduated from Yale University with a bachelor’s degree and a PhD in Biochemistry. Alfred Gilman’s love of science helped change the way cancer is treated (Ritchie). Alfred Gilman’s career and friends changed him and the direction of his life. While still in a postdoctoral fellowship in pharmacology, Gilman met Louis S. Goodman, who became a close friend and partner. While teaching, they soonRead MoreYour College Major Doesn’T Guarantee A Job. It’Snoteasybeingacollegestudentthesedays1408 Words   |  6 Pagesin 2015, 82% of graduates in 2015 researched their field of choice before determining what major to peruse in college, According to Forbes Magazine. So it comes to no surprise that students want to peruse into a career that will hopefully pay off their hefty debt. But yes there are certain jobs that do require degrees such as engineering, architecture, and computer science as well as any medical field. But besides going to collegeRead MoreI Am Born With Multiple Birth Defects, Including A Cleft Palate1670 Words   |  7 Pagesmy passion for pursuing a career in the discipline. I came to University of South Florida as a pre-nursing student in the hopes of making in to the nursing program. I plan to apply to nursing school this spring and hope to continue my education to become a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, Pediatric Registered Nurse, or a Family Nurse Practitioner. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist My previous experience in the hospital setting showed me many different career options within the field,Read MoreMy First Year Of Medical School845 Words   |  4 PagesAt the beginning of my third year of medical school, I kept an open mind when it came to evaluating which specialty would be an appropriate fit to further my career in medicine. Anesthesiology provides the combination of intellectual challenges and hands-on approach that will allow me to use my abilities to help better patient care. With the ability to experience and interact in a variety of cases and patient populations will force oneself to be remain knowledgeable and current in a wide spectrum

Different Types of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream

Different Types of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream Love and lovers, both can be described as many different things. William Shakespeare shows us this in his play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In this play we see all types of love, from passionate love to foolish love. Along with this we also see different types of lovers and pairs. Examples of these lovers come from pairs like, Hermia and Lysander, Demetrius and Helena, Titana and Bottom, and Oberon and Titana. It seems that in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare shows different types of love and lovers. One love that Shakespeare shows in Midsummer is passion. Passion is a burning emotion, a strong feeling or a desire that is deep within your soul. When you have found the perfect man/†¦show more content†¦With these features she Helena says that she would attract Demetrius and except him, unlike Hermia who wishes him away. She asks Hermia to teach her the art of her beauty and win the affection of Demetrius heart. The last character that shows jealousy is Hermia. She shows Jealousy when Lysander is spelled, and falls for Helena. While under a spell, Lysander tells Hermia: Ay, by my life And never did desire to see thee more. Therefore be out of hope, of question, of doubt: Be certain. Nothing truer. `Tis no jest That I do hate thee and love Helena (3.2.277-281) In these lines Lysander tells Hermia that, never did he desire to be with someone more. He also tells her to not question or doubt, but to be certain that he hates her and loves Helena. With Hermia shocked and heartbroken she shows her confusion and jealously to Helena. He states, â€Å"O me! You juggler, you canker blossom, / You thief of love! What, have you come by night/ And stol’n my love’s heart from him?† (3.2.282). In these lines Hermia is telling Helena that she is a trickster/cheater, and a love thief. She also asks what have Helena done to steal Lysander’s love from her. Although all of these Characters show acts of Jealously, They find happiness in the end. A third love Shakespeare shows in Midsummer Night’s Dream is blind love. Blind love is love which sees only positive aspects in the beloved. It does not look at others faults and bad habits,Show MoreRelated Different Types of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Types of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a comedy, written in 1595 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This was when the society was dominated by men. During the period, England was ruled by a powerful and well respected queen. One of the many themes of the play is that of love. Many different types of love are depicted in the book. There is: Parental Love (Egeus and Hermia, Titania and Little IndianRead MoreLiterary Love Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesLove - possibly the most powerful four-letter word known to man. A feeling and emotion so strong that it makes it nearly impossible to put its meaning into words. However, it is also one of the most explored subjects in the world of literature. Whether in a comedy or a tragedy, the theme of love is very often expressed. This theme can be expressed in many different ways, for example, positively causing everyone to live happily ever after in a fairytale type of world, negatively being the causeRead MoreThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare In A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare presents us with multiple types of love by using numerous couples in various different situations. For example: Doting loves, the love induced by Oberons potion and in some aspects, Lysander and Hermias love for each other; there are true loves: Oberon and Titania, Lysander and Hermia (for the first half at least, as Lysanders love switches to Helena temporarily)Read MoreThe Anatomy Of Criticism By Northrop Frye991 Words   |  4 Pagesmanner. In particular, he voices, â€Å"Shakespeare s type of romantic comedy follows a tradition established by Peele and developed by Greene and Lyly†¦ We may call it the drama of the green world, its plot being assimilated to the ritual theme of the triumph of life and love over the waste land† (Frye). This structuralist approach is crucial to analyzing Shakespeare s comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream. One finds that the play revolves around many different pairs of oppositions, in particular that of theRead More Comparing A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesanother, two stand out from the rest as sharing a great deal in common. Specific, solid parallels can be drawn between Shakespeares plays A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet. The themes and characters are remarkably similar in many aspects. Firstly, both plays highlight the stereotypical young lovers - Hermia and Lysander in A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet in Romeo and Juliet. Secondly, both plays are very ambiguously categorized. By this I mean that each could have beenRead More A Comparison of A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet992 Words   |  4 PagesParallel Themes and Characters in A Midsummer Nights Dreamnbsp;and Romeo and Julietnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Certain parallels can be drawn between William Shakespeares plays, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Romeo and Juliet. These parallels concern themes and prototypical Shakespearian character types. Both plays have a distinct pair of lovers, Hermia and Lysander, and Romeo and Juliet, respectively. Both plays could have also easily been tragedy or comedy with a few simple changesRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream And Measure For Measure1341 Words   |  6 PagesTwo of Shakespeare’s most famous comedies are A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Measure for Measure. Both plays highlight the importance of marriage in society, even if they do so in different ways. Written sometime in the late 1500s, A Midsummer Night’s Dream follows the story of a complex love triangle in which a forbidden relationship exists. The play reveals the importance of familial relationships in creating marriage, and shows that marriage serves a specific social function. In some ways, ShakespeareRead Mor eA Midsummer Nights Dream Research Paper (with Cited)1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe play, A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare, is about four lovers and their dreamlike adventure through a fairy ruled forest. There are many different characters in this play and they each play their own individual role in how the play is performed and read. Three main characters that showed great characteristics are: Puck, Tom Bottom, and Helena. 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Modern Agricultural Biotechnology And Its Potential...

Debates over modern agricultural biotechnology and its potential usefulness and effectiveness are often characterized by deeply polarized stances. Proponents, which include industry advocates as well as some scholars, tout the benefits of increased agricultural productivity leading to positive outcomes for poor and small-scale farmers, as well as hunger alleviation - while critics outline potential negative impacts of this technological package, highlighting the polarization of agrarian social structures, concerns over food security, and detrimental environmental effects. Gerardo Otero’s edited volume Food for the Few situates this debate in the context of the developing world, and specifically examines the introduction of agricultural biotechnology to Latin America. The book’s focus is on the social dimensions of biotechnology, and more specifically on examining the complex relationship between modes of agricultural production and rural poverty. Presenting an assessment based on empirical evidence, the authors argue that there are grave indications for the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of this technology in the Latin American context, and that the optimistic predictions put forth by advocates are not only misplaced, but woefully misleading. Otero et al. maintain that while production and productivity are certainly on the rise as a result of this adopted technology, the profits from this shift are not necessarily being distributed in an equitable manner, and areShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Genetically Modified Foods1203 Words   |  5 Pagestroubled crop growers for years. Their common different uses can reshape the entire agriculture industry. Smaller farms that cannot afford the cost of genetically modified seed are forced out of business bigger more industrial companies. 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Safeguard Seeds Maori Intellectual Property -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Safeguard Seeds Maori Intellectual Property? Answer: Introduction Wakatu Corporation is an organization that is owned by Maori people. The organization is based in Nelson, New Zealand. The owners of the Wakatu Corporation are the beneficiaries of New Zealand treaty settlement. They have vineyards, orchards and marine farms. They produce food and beverages. The Maori people are honest and they will be the best suppliers that Trump enterprises can ever get. Maori peoples main occupation is agriculture so they are the best providers of agricultural yields (Wakatu Incorporation, 2017). They know the techniques for quality yield that can provide competitive advantage to Trump enterprises in America. The customers of America demand fresh and natural products and partnership with Wakatu corporation Trump enterprises can fulfill as well as satisfy the needs of its customers. Significance of Treaty of Waitangi New Zealand has given the Maori and the other inhabitants of New Zealand their right over their lands and its yield. The immigrants and traders from other countries exploited the people of New Zealand. Merchants used to trade natural resources in return of clothing, guns and other products. The Waitangi agreement between the British and the Maori people provided sovereignty to the Maori people over the land and resources. The Waitangi Act 1975 was modification of the initial treaty. The treaty of 1841 had two versions and created a lot of conflicts but the treaty of 1975 made Waitangi tribunal. Today Waitangi Treaty is can be called as the foundation of New Zealand because it provides equality in the country. It is called the founding document (Orange, 2015). There is no single document as the constitution of New Zealand rather there is multiple documents and principles treaty of Waitangi is one such document. There were two versions of the treaty, the Maori version and the British version. The British were known as Pakeha in the Maori language. The differences the two versions became a major reason for conflict. The conflict was because the word sovereignty has been translated wrongly as Kawanatanga in Maori but it means Governance. Similarly the English version of the treaty guaranteed undistributed possession of all the assets while the Maori version guaranteed tino rangatiranga which means full authority over the taonga which means intangible. Maori people as per their values give importance to said words so for them spoken words were equally important as documented words. The difference in the two versions was the main reason behind the conflict and it continued for very long time. Biculturism is the condition where people retain their cultural identity even if two cultures exists. Whereas, multiculturism occurs where there is cultural diversity. It refers to enjoying the oneness of different cultures. Principle of partnership is referred to the guidelines that form the basis of partnership between two parties. Mutual benefit forms the basis for the principle for partnership. Principle of partnership will be those guidelines that the parties, Wakatu Corporation and Trump enterprises will have to follow. It will affect business and business relations of the both the parties. Bothe parties should cooperate and work in harmony with each other. Principle of partnership will be terms of the business that both parties will have to agree upon so that later there are no conflicts of interests between the parties. The picture above shows important elements of partnership. It should have guiding principles, transformative experiences, quality processes and Meaningful outcomes. The elements combine together to form authentic partnership. Principles of partnerships are made with the input and agreement of all the partners. These principles help in good decision-making and conflict resolution. The companies forming a partnership with mutual agreement establish the principles of partnership. Both the partners have their own goals, missions and objectives. When the companies come under partnership their goals, objectives and missions are to be aligned. Principles of partnership form the basis for the companies to form a strong bonding that affects both the companies (Scheele, 2016). The principles will positively affect the relationship between Wakatu corporation and Trump enterprises because it would be established keeping in mind the interests of both the organizations. Trump enterprises needs to indentify the interests of Wakatu Corporation to frame principles for partnership. They should consider cultural factors that are important for the Maori people. Trump enterprise should not create an impression to Wakatu Corporation that it is just a business deal. Sustainability should be the considered while making the principles of partnership. Building mutual trust and maintaining proper channel of communication as there are chances for miscommunication. Maori people are simple and honest people so trump enterprises should help Wakatu Corporation in taking crucial decisions. Trump enterprises should also be honest and transparent (Stevens, 2016). The national culture of a country is core values and beliefs of the country. These values and beliefs are norms that determine the actions of the citizens residing in the country. It determines their behavior and lifestyle, types of products they use and the services they avail. Business organizations operate in the same society and so it is important they operate as per the national culture of the country. The values and beliefs of the people of the country should be the basis of their business. It cannot be ignored. National culture influences the core functions like, human resource, marketing, finance and operations of any business organization. It affects the strategies the companies implement. In international business companies planning to operate in another country needs to conduct a research on the culture of that country or else their business might incur loss. At times multinational corporations come across extreme cultural differences that make management difficult (Mark, Chamberlain Boulton, 2017). Application of Hofestedes Cultural Dimensions The power distance dimension recognizes that the individuals in the society are not equal at any point of time and how these inequalities among different group of people affect the culture of a place. Trump enterprises can be placed high in the power distance index. Trump enterprises are a centralized organization. The management of the company is super influential with the owner being the President of the USA. This takes the whole power distance relationship among the employees and the management to a whole new level. There are large gaps in the compensation, authority and respect. Individualism versus collectivism Individualism is the degree to which the authority of the individual is recognized and whether a society or organization is individualistic or collective. Trump enterprises can be said that it has individualist culture because high value is place to the time of the people and their need for privacy and freedom. Liberty and justice for all is the premise on which America stands, and this is the backbone of all the organizations operating in the country. Masculinity versus femininity Masculinity is the index which denotes that whether a society or organization is more of logical and competitive, on the other hand feminine index denotes that the society is driven more by emotional quotient. Trump organization can be seen to be high on masculinity factor and this is evident from typical American behavior. The organization is achievement oriented and competitive. Uncertainty avoidance index Uncertainty index denotes how a particular culture or organization handles the uncertainty and unpredictability of the future. The enterprise can be placed low in the uncertainty avoidance index because it ventures to partner with a Maori enterprise. In earlier years as well Trump has ventured into new regions and new ventures and has reflected itself as the perfect risk taker. Pragmatic versus normative Trump enterprise can be termed as pragmatic because of the long-term orientation. The company eyes on projects that may not be paying high dividends immediately but that would be helpful on the long-term. The partnership of Trump enterprises with Wakatu Corporation makes the company pragmatic. It shows that the enterprise focuses more on sustainability (Hofstede, 2014). Indulgence versus restraint Trump enterprises are high on indulgence index. The pragmatic and bold moves of collaborating with organizations that are not so well known but having good potential is evidence to this fact. Trump has invested in almost every corner of the world even in disturbed areas. The organization has an optimistic culture. New Zealand Power distance- The score of New Zealand in the power distance Index is 22, which is a very low score for power distance. This shows that there is equality within the culture. The superiors in any scenario is accessible to the sub ordinates and there is a friendly relationship. Managers and employees consult with each other. Individualist versus Collectivist- For this dimension New Zealand scored 79 which means that the culture of the country is individualist. The society gives more importance on individualistic traits rather than collective identity. Merit and talent of each individual takes him or her forward. Masculinity versus Femininity- New Zealand is mostly a masculine society. The score is 58. The country runs on logical reasoning and everyone strives to compete against each other to get the top position and recognition. Uncertainty avoidance- New Zealands score of 49 denotes that in this case the country follows a middle path and judges the situation before taking a final decision. It does not unnecessarily take risk and takes only when it is feasible. Pragmatic versus normative- New Zealand scored low in the pragmatic index it means that the country focuses more on cultures and traditions. The society is normative and hence the people are more likely to give importance on tradition rather than future predictions and scopes. The last dimension is indulgence versus restraint- People in New Zealand are indulgent, the high score denotes how the people shows high desire to fulfill their desires and impulses.(Moran, Abramson Moran, 2014). The power distance in Maori New Zealand is not much because there is equality between the cultures. However, as the tradition of the tribe goes back to a long period of time, the older people are given respect and younger members are expected to show their obedience. Individualist versus collectivist- Maori New Zealand is collectivist because the people of the community maintain harmony among themselves. People work for appreciation and recognition. The Maoris have a long traditional history. They prefer to live in groups and there are whole Maori villages who live like a family. Individuals can give up their individual desires and needs when it comes to the societys sake. Femininity versus Masculinity The Maori tribe is more driven towards emotional decision making rather than being competitive and logical at every footstep. Therefore, it scores high on femininity. In Hofstedes model femininity means that the society is largely driven by emotion and people take decisions based on care for each other. Uncertainty avoidance index Maori New Zealand will be placed high in the uncertainty avoidance index because it is a conservative society. The society doesnt take much risk and prefer to go for the tried and tested methods of success. High risk taking is not the behavioral pattern of the Maoris. Pragmatic versus Normative Maori culture can be termed as pragmatic because they do not value short-term profits. The tradition of the culture has been to do things which are highly productive and having certain amount of depth. Indulgence versus restraint Maori culture of New Zealand is restraint as they do not like change or even take risks (Findsen, 2016). The culture doesnt approve high risk taking or being highly engrossed in indulgent activities. People are conservative and follow regulations and rules. The differences in cultural communication might affect the business largely. The culture of USA is completely different from that of Maori culture. The culture of USA is individualist while that of Maori culture is collectivist. There might be conflict because of the cultural differences. Another difference is that Maori culture is very conservative. They might face trouble while undertaking business communication as Maori might not be well aware about the American customers and their requirement (Findsen, 2016). People of Maori culture are very close to nature their main occupation is agriculture. They will be able to provide fresh and good quality agricultural products like, wine, fish and many more. People of Maori are honest, modest and so Trump enterprises can rely on them, and a healthy relationship can be built. References About.(2017).Wakatu Incorporation. Retrieved 23 November 2017, from https://www.wakatu.org/ Findsen, B. (2016). Learning in later life: a bicultural perspective from Aotearoa/New Zealand.International Journal of Lifelong Education,35(5), 555-568. Hofstede, G. (2014). nd, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions: Understanding Workplace Values Around the World.Mind Tools Ltd, viewed,5. Hofstede-insights.com. (2018).Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights.Hofstede Insights. Retrieved 4 February 2018, from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/new-zealand/ Mark, G., Chamberlain, K., Boulton, A. (2017). Acknowledging the M?ori cultural values and beliefs embedded in rongo? M?ori healing.International Journal of Indigenous Health,12(1), 75-92. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Orange, C. (2015).The treaty of Waitangi. Bridget Williams Books. Scheele, S. (2016). Safeguarding seeds and Maori intellectual property through partnership.International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, (2), 1-9. Stevens, D. (2016). New Zealands Te Tiriti o Waitangi-Treaty of Waitangi: The past, contemplated in the present, is a guide to the future.Asia-Pacific between Conflict and Reconciliation,3, 43.

NEW EYE TRACKING TECHNIQUES IMPROVE REALISM OF AIRCRAFT SIMULATORS A S

NEW EYE TRACKING TECHNIQUES IMPROVE REALISM OF AIRCRAFT SIMULATORS A simulated flight environment for pilot training may soon be made more realistic through the use of eye-tracking technology developed by researchers at the University of Toronto's Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IMBE). Many safety and cost benefits are obtained by training aircraft pilots under simulated conditions, but to be effective the simulation must be convicingly realistic. At present, th e training facilities use large domes and gimballed projectors, or an array of video screens, to display computer-generated images. But these installations are very expensive and image resolution is low. Further, it would take an enormous amount of addi to improve image quality significantly throughout the whole viewed scene. However, based on the visual properties of the eye, realism can be obtained by providing a high-resolution 'area of interest' insert within a large , low-resolution field of view. If the image-generating computer 'knows' where the pilot's fixation is, it mage there. The technology to make this possible was developed by a research team headed by Professor Richard Frecker and Professor Moshe Eizenman. The work was carried out in collaboration with CAE Electronics Ltd. of Montreal with financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Their eye-tracker can record and analyze accurately up to 500 eye positions per second. The system works by means of capturing and processing the reflections of a low-level beam o f invisible infra-red light shone onto the eye. Multi-element arrays capture the image of the eye and digitize the information, which is then processed in real time by a fast, dedicated signal processing unit. The difference in position between the ligh tre of the pupil reveals the instantaneous direction of gaze. Developments by the IBME team have significantly increased the speed of signal processing in addition to enhancing accuracy of eye position estimates. Eizenman believes that "these improvements make our eye-tracker very effective in monitoring the large G-force environment where the pilot tends to make larger eye movements because of contraints which exist on movements of his head". In a new generation of aircraft simulators, under development by CAE Electronics Ltd. of Montreal, a head tracker which tells the direction of the pilot's head is mounted on top of the helmet. The eye tracker is mounted on the front of the helmet, and is ll exactly where the pilot's eye is fixating. Frecker said that "successful integration of our eye tracker into the novel helmet-mounted CAE flight simulator would result in a new generation of simulators that would likely replace the current large domes and cumbersome video display units." Initial tests of the integrated system wi ll be carried out in collaboration with CAE Electronics at Williams Air Force Base in Arizona later this year. Contact: Moshe Eizenman (416)978-5523 Richard Frecker (416)978-2236