Nuts Production Mix Problem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nuts Production Mix Problem - Research Paper Example Expecting that the organization can purchased 1,000 pounds a greater amount of almonds from a provider who overbought for $1,000, the extra benefit commitment is $4,958 which is significantly more than the extra expense of almond. The new creation blends are introduced on the table in the following page. In the event that a definitive goal is accomplish the most noteworthy commitment benefit, at that point the organization is in an ideal situation not fulfilling the current requests. The organization is in an ideal situation with the creation blend introduced beneath. This creation blend shows a commitment benefit of $62,250 which is $875 higher than if the organization fulfills the current requests. This is so in light of the fact that the Holiday blend utilizes a great deal of almond which is a scant asset for the creation blend. Obviously, the mission for benefit shouldn't be the end all, be totally supportive of the association. The organization additionally must be socially dependable while working together, and just overlooking requests for higher increases isn't in arrangement with corporate social duty (Albareda 2008, p. 430).

Family Business in India Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9250 words

Privately-owned company in India - Coursework Example India being a nation with individuals who has rich common qualities and correspondence inside the family, will ever prefer to permit such family fights. This is the prime region of the ebb and flow research to distinguish the disposition and conditions with family firms after the announced significant family quarrels. Thus the investigation has considered a case examination just as quantitative investigation to recognize the components helped for such quarrels also to watch the pattern in the rest of the family firms. The examination was led with the family firms who are in first, second and third era of change. Not many cases incorporate replacements after fourth and fifth era moreover. The investigation found a momentous readiness among the family firms with high demonstrable skill and training. The greater part level of the concentrated family firms is executing the progression plan, via preparing and imparting the progression plan with the replacements. In spite of the fact that a minor piece of the examination bunch displayed strife and kin contention, still they feel the requirement for a smooth progression plan. The staying significant measure of study bunch is in the phase of arrangement of progression plans. The investigation found that training and correspondence are straightforwardly af fecting the readiness of the replacements. With this information, the examination discovered that Indian firms are recognizing the requirement for progression arranging and are creating readiness for progression the board. Presentation: The greater part of the Indian Economy is amassed from the Family organizations. It is assessed that 95 percent of the enlisted firms are privately-owned companies. The accomplishment of these Family firms has achieved from the rich family culture and qualities supported all through generations.Family business is a predominant association structure around the world. As indicated by Steven family isn't just a feasible factor of economy, yet is from multiple points of view its the praiseworthy type of business. He expresses: The privately-run company is being rediscovered as the exemplification of the board practices and business esteems expected to enable the country's enterprises to recapture their serious edge (I991).1 Despite the fact that there are numerous papers watched the situation previously, the present pattern is to be seen with variable elements associated with causing the pattern. Most privately-owned companies, however moderately little in scale, include profoundly complex interrelationships between two scientifically isolated yet inseparably connected social frameworks: the family and the business. (Lansberg, 1983)2. In the ongoing occasions, the globalization factor made it to numerous Family organizations to pull in numerous Foreign Investments. What's more, the ongoing Industrial situation in India presents a few situations where the Family

How to Tell ADD and Bipolar Disorder Apart

How to Tell ADD and Bipolar Disorder Apart ADHD Diagnosis Print How to Tell ADD and Bipolar Disorder Apart By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Aron Janssen, MD on November 19, 2019 linkedin Aron Janssen, MD is board certified in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry and is the vice chair of child and adolescent psychiatry Northwestern University.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Aron Janssen, MD on November 19, 2019 JGI/Jamie Grill / Blend Images / Getty Images More in ADHD Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms Adult ADD/ADHD Living With ADD/ADHD School Parenting There are some similarities and overlap in the symptoms of ADD/ADHD and bipolar disorder. Both may include hyperactive or restless behaviors, distractibility, poor concentration, impulsivity, and racing thoughts. Both are also thought to have a strong genetic link. Both can result in sleep disturbances, poor social relationships, feelings of anxiety, depression, frustration,  and self-doubt. Both can significantly impact daily functioning. In addition, ADHD and bipolar disorder commonly occur together, making it even more difficult to tease them apart. Identifying Symptoms of ADHD The main symptom of ADHD is a disturbance in attention. The main symptom of bipolar disorder is a disturbance in mood. With ADHD, the symptoms of distractibility and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity or restlessness are always present and can be influenced by the environment. Structuring one’s environment, limiting distractions, finding stimulating activities, using visual or auditory reminders and organizational techniques can significantly improve function for an individual with ADHD. Identifying Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder results in dramatic mood changes ranging from extreme highs in energy levels and a sense of euphoria and grandness to extreme lows of depression, hopelessness, and rock-bottom energy levels. These mood episodes are more significant than typical mood swings and may alternate with periods of normal mood and function. They occur relatively independent of outside influences within the environment. The cycles of highs, lows, and normal periods may be irregular and without a clear pattern and may last several weeks. An individual with bipolar disorder may experience four main types of mood episodes: Mania: High energy level, over-the-top happiness, and elation or extreme irritable and angry mood, feeling of grandiosity and self-importance that may escalate into delusions and loss of contact with reality, impulsive risk-taking behaviors, decreased need for sleep, fast speech and increased talkativeness, distractibility, and/or racing thoughts. The manic episodes can severely impact daily functioning.Hypomania: A milder form of mania that may not impact an individual’s daily functioning as severely as a manic episode.Depression: Low energy, fatigue, feelings of sadness and hopelessness, decreased interest in life, perhaps even suicidal thoughts, loss of pleasure in things that previously brought joy, difficulty with concentration and memory, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances.Mixed Mood: The criteria are met both for a manic  episode and for a major depressive episode nearly every day during at least a 1-week period. ADHD Disturbance in attention Treated with stimulant medications Responds to increased structure and organizational strategies Bipolar Disorder Disturbance in mood Treated with mood-stabilizing medications May also be treated with psychotherapy Treatments for ADHD vs. Bipolar Disorder Treatment for bipolar disorder usually involves mood-stabilizing medications, education, psychotherapy, and support. The most common drugs used to treat ADHD are stimulant medications. While mood stabilizers may not impact ADHD, stimulants may exacerbate bipolar symptoms and bring about manic or depressive episodes. Individuals with ADHD respond well to increased structure and organizational strategies in their environment and benefit from education, psychotherapy, social skills training, coaching, and support. An in-depth and comprehensive evaluation is required in order to make an accurate diagnosis of bipolar and/or ADHD, as symptoms can certainly appear similar. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Essay on the Downfall of Man in John Miltons Paradise Lost

The classic tragedy Paradise Lost, written by John Milton, demonstrates how the fallen angels lose the paradise they have been given, and how this fall directly effects the downfall of man as well. Before anything ever was, all matter was chaos; utter darkness and filth. A mighty being, God, rose up out of chaos and created the firmament called Heaven, and all the universe (4). The angels, and archangels that populated Heaven, danced in the realms of the magnificent light (8). Lucifer, the highest archangel, stepped fourth and accused God of his power, jealously tying to take it from him. Almighty God cast him, and his followers out of the sublime realm. The fallen angels transcended back into the filth of chaos. This chaos being†¦show more content†¦Satan and his Minions of evil were no match for God almighty, and his faithful angels. Satan, now filled with the deepest hate, and despair, gathers in his weak legions for another meeting. His following declines the threat of another war with the Heavens, and beg for the reentrance to paradise. The request is denied. Satan, now in total bitterness and anguish, seeks revenge on God almighty... (96). When the fallen angels didnt succeed in regaining Heaven, it established an enemy to God. This foreshadows revenge, which could result in the fall of man. With the Heavens increasing in beauty and splendor, the imagination of God brings forth the creation of man, the Earth, and all the creatures in it. This process was divided into seven days, with the seventh day being the day of rest (101). Satan has been monitoring Gods every move. When he discovers the creation of man, suspense is created, and a plan is formulated. With the world being good, and all the creatures being good, God created man to rule over all this goodness. God created Adam as an imperfect reflection of himself, and endowed him with an imagination like that of hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1852 Words   |  8 Pagesother special place. Then write an essay in which you analyze how the character’s experience with exile is both alienating and enriching, and how this experience illuminates the meaning of the work as a whole. You may choose a work from the list below or one of comparable literary merit. Do not merely summarize the plot. (2010 AP Literature and Composition) Disobedience and Exile an Analysis of Satan from Milton’s Paradise Lost John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, has been the subject of criticismRead MoreResearch Paper: Paradise Lost1888 Words   |  8 PagesParadise Lost -John Milton- John Milton  (9 December 1608  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 8 November 1674) was an English poet,  polemicist,  man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England  under  Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his  epic poem  Paradise Lost  (1667), written in  blank verse. Miltons poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and politicalRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1071 Words   |  5 Pages Writing AP Exam Essays Advanced Placement English Literature Composition Name Juan Linares Major Work Data Page Paradise Lost Writer/Nationality John Milton/ UK 1608-1674 Theme/Meanings of the work as a whole Disobedience plays a key role in the unfolding of Milton’s poem. Satan disobeys God because God gave him free will, and causes Eve to disobey Adam, to disobey God. Justification of God. Death must happen to the world but because of the Son, DeathRead MoreParadaise Lost by John Milton and The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighierie1821 Words   |  8 PagesIt has been commonly accepted that John Milton is acquainted with Dante Alighieri who has a great influence on Milton’s epic Paradise Lost. The significance of The Divine Comedy for Milton lies especially in Dante’s Inferno and Purgatorio. Scholars1 have quoted plentiful echoes of Dante throughout Milton’s works, and have compared these two great poets for centuries. In the 19th century Mary Shelley employed a cluster of images and ideas from Milton’s Paradise Lost (especially from Book Ten) in FrankensteinRead MoreFall from Grace: Satan as a Spiritually Corrupt Hero in Miltons Paradise Lost2859 Words   |  12 PagesFall From Grace: Satan as a Spiritually Corrupt Hero in Miltons Paradise Lost Can Satan -- a being, so evil that even as an Ethereal being of Heaven, who was cast out of Gods grace - be a hero? John Miltons Satan in Paradise Lost is very much a romanticized character within the epic poem, and there has been much debate since the poems publishing in 1667 over Miltons sentiments and whether Satan is the protagonist or a hero. As an angel in God the Fathers Heaven, Satan rose up with a groupRead MoreEssay about Satan in Paradise Lost and The Myth of Sisyphus2209 Words   |  9 Pages Satans predicament after he falls in Paradise Lost is utterly hopeless, yet he chooses to persevere. He reasons that he should continue to struggle, even though he is aware that it is entirely in vain. The process he follows to arrive at this choice is similar to the process Albert Camus will use to justify the unrelenting toil of his absurd man. Before this becomes apparent, portions of Satan as a character must be eliminated from consideration, because they present an int ractable setRead MoreWrite an Essay on the Relationship Between Frankenstein and the Creature, and Compare/Contrast Their Relationship with That Exhibited Between Two Other Characters in One Other Text.2328 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay will examine the relationship between two sets of characters in two different books. In Mary Shelleys’ Frankenstein the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and The Monster he created will be discussed, by analysing both characters relationship to each other before detailing the effects this relationship had, on the others actions and how it led to their eventual downfall. In Matthew Lewis’ The Monk the relationship between Ambrosio and Matilda will be analysed and then compared toRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesIsaac Bashevis Singer . . . That Thou Art Mindful of Him by Isaac Asimov Test About the Work Frankenstein by Mary Shelley In Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein, a young scientist brings on his own destruction by constructing an artificial man and bringing it to life. Through the characters of Dr. Frankenstein and his creature, this powerful novel explores the themes of ambition, science, moral responsibility, social isolation, and psychological balance. With its wild and desolate settings

Cherokee Trail Of Tears Removal - 849 Words

Cherokee Trail of Tears: Removal: 500 Nations In 1830, congress passed President Andrew Jacksons Indian Removal Act. This policy allowed the United States government to extinguish the Cherokee, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, Seminole and many other tribes title to their land. The Indians had to leave the land and life they had always known in the Southeastern United States behind. This disturbing event was named the Trail of Tears because many Native Americans died during the process of marching to an area west of the Mississippi River due to disease, starvation, and the long journey. This Indian Removal Act allowed state officials to override federal protection of Native Americans. The American settlers had wanted the land for white†¦show more content†¦The Choctaw were the first to be evicted followed by the Seminoles in 1832, Creeks, and Chickasaw in 1837. The Cherokee removal in 1838 was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia. This was the last forced removal east of the Mississippi and lead to the Georgia Gold Rush. The removal of the Indian tribes brought on many wars and battles. They fought for the land that had been passed down from generation to generation. Many solders did not even make it to the marches to reservations because they died in battle. These battles were gruesome and a lot of Native American tribes came together to fight against the American soldiers. Very few groups hid and were not found by the government. By 1837, 46,000 Indians from the southeastern states had been removed from their homelands. This gave wh ite settlers close to 25 million acres of land. Horses and guns played a significant role in the Native Americans lives. Before horses the Indians had to walk and run to hunt. They would follow the bison or other animal’s trails. With the use of horses the Native people could expand the distance traveled for hunting. Guns were a huge change for everyone as well. Before them the people had to be close to their enemy or hunt to kill. They would use axes, bow and arrow, or arrow heads attached to sticks. The new inventions did cause problems between nearby tribes but helped when fighting or escaping the AmericanShow MoreRelatedTrail of Tears: the Removal of the Cherokee Nation1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe old Cherokee nation was a large thriving tribe located in northern Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, and Tennessee, which was a region known as Appalachia. Because of greedy landowners wanting more money, land for themselves and land for their crops, this forced the Cherokees out of their land and into another region. The g overnment, specifically Andrew Jackson, wanted the land because it was land that he â€Å"needed†. He needed this land because he felt it would increase the white population andRead MoreCherokee Removal, Part Of The Trail Of Tears2515 Words   |  11 Pages  Cherokee removal, part of the Trail of Tears, refers to the forced relocation between 1836 and 1839 of the Cherokee Nation from their lands in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Alabama to the Indian Territory in the then Western United States, and the resultant deaths along the way and at the end of the movement of an estimated 4000 Cherokee. The Cherokee have come to call the event Nu na da ul tsun yi ; another term is Tlo va sa --both phrases not used at the timeRead MoreIndian Removal : The Cherokee, Jackson, And The Trail Of Tears2260 Words   |  10 Pages Trail of Tears BRIA 21 1 c Indian Removal: The Cherokees, Jackson, and the â€Å"Trail of Tears† CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Rights in Action Winter 2004 (21:1) Executive Power BRIA 21: 1 Home | Machiavelli and The Prince | Detaining U.S. Citizens as Enemy Combatants | Jackson and Indian Removal Indian Removal: The Cherokees, Jackson, and the â€Å"Trail of Tears† President Andrew Jackson pursued a policy of removing the Cherokees and other Southeastern tribes from their homelands to theRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : The Rise And Fall Of The Cherokee Nation1106 Words   |  5 PagesMost Americans have at least some vague image of the Trail of Tears, but not very many know of the events that led to that tragic removal of several thousand Indians from their homeland. Indian lands were held hostage by the states and the federal government, and Indians had to agree to removal to preserve their identity as tribes. Trail of Tears is an excellent snapshot of a particular situation and will be eye opening to those who are not familiar with the story of the southern tribes and theirRead MoreTrail Of Tears Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trail of Tears is part of the immoral history of the United States. The information in this paper will be about the causes, history, deaths, and the hopes that were lost. There were at least four causes for the Ind ian removal act of 1830. The history of the trail discussion about the Native Americans, and what happens to them when they were moving to their new home in the west, as well what happened after the removal act. The main causes of why the Native Americans had to be removed will beRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears By James Collins1452 Words   |  6 PagesDonald West History 201 December 1, 2015 TRAIL OF TEARS The trail of tears is also referred to as the period of Indian s removal. It was a period where Native Americans in the U.S were forcefully relocated following the removal of Indian Removal Act of 1830. Those who were forcibly moved were from Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, and Chickasaw and Choctaw nations in the southern U.S, an area initially referred to as the Indian Territory. Migration from Cherokee nation had begun in the early 1800’s whereRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : The Rise And Fall Of The Cherokee Nation1315 Words   |  6 Pages Most Americans have at least some vague understanding of the Trail of Tears, but not many know about the events that led to that tragic removal of thousands of Indians from their homeland. Indian lands were held hostage by the states and the federal government. The Indians had to agree to removal to maintain their tribe identities. Trail of Tears is an excellent example of a particular situation and will be eye opening to those who are not familiar with the story of the southern tribes and theirRead MoreEssay on The Cherokee Trail of Tears1035 Words   |  5 Pagesin the 1800s, the driving force behind the removal of the natives intensified. Thousands of indians during this time were moved along the trail known as Nunna dual Tsung, meaning â€Å"The Trail Where They Cried† (â€Å"Cherokee Trail of Tears†). The Trail of Tears was not only unjust and unconstitutional, but it also left many indians sick, heartbroken, and dead. White resentment was heavily toward one group of indians known as the Cherokee. The Cherokee possessed land that white farmers wanted forRead MoreKayleigh Poudrier. Hist 221-002. Professor Marram. 31 March1704 Words   |  7 PagesKayleigh Poudrier HIST 221-002 Professor Marram 31 March 2017 It is hard to imagine what it must have felt like to be the Cherokee Indians in the year of 1838. However, in order for one to try to come to some sort of empathetic conclusion, it may be necessary to imagine themselves living and growing up somewhere their whole lives in a place that they love. They would need to imagine having such strong connections to the place that they have called their home and the land surrounding it, and beingRead MoreHistory: The Indian Removal Act Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesthe country, the white Americans decided that they needed the Natives out. There were several motives for the removal of the Indians from their lands, to include racism and land lust. Since they first arrived, the white Americans hadn’t been too fond of the Native Americans. They were thought to be highly uncivilized and they had to go. In his letter to Congress addressing the removal of the Indian tribes, President Jackson states the following: â€Å"It will separate the Indians from immediate contact

The Marketing Strategy Analysis of Starbucks Corporation Free Essays

Under today’s ever-changing market, strategic marketing planning has become more and more significant whether of the functional or the fundamental. Especially, although financial crisis leaded economy growth slowdown, it did not cause a serious influence for chain coffee shop. As Howard Schultz said, CEO of Starbucks, â€Å"I don’t think we had a business plan for the severity of what has taken place. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing Strategy Analysis of Starbucks Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now History demonstrated to us that a downturn in the economy would not affect us, and in fact, we would be recession-proof. (Katie Couric, 2008) Based on Financial Times, Starbucks revealed that strong earnings of $242m of 2008, a jump from the $64m it recorded during the comparable period last year and total revenues for the quarter were $2. 7bn, up 4 per cent from the $2. 6bn recorded during the comparable quarter at the end of 2008. It illustrated that consumers will still pay premium prices for its coffee even in uncertain economic times. Greg Farrell 2010) In this essay, besides demonstrating the concept of strategic marketing, I will take Starbucks Corporation, United States for a case to define its position in this turbulent chain coffee shop market. Then, identify the â€Å"customized mass production† and evaluate how the organization affect and communicate the market. Next, the strategic importance of Starbucks Corporation, United States will be analyzed by various tools such as demand chain approach, SWOT and TOWS, PESTLE, pricing policies and so on with practical examples. Finally, based on these strategic analyses, the recommendations will be available for the organization to improve the competitiveness over this competitive market in the future. Brief history of Starbucks Corporation Starbucks Corporation, United States (NASDAQ: SBUX), the largest international coffeehouse chain company over the world, opened in 1971 by Gerald Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegl in Seattle, Washington, United States. In 1982, Howard Schultz, the present CEO of Starbucks, joined the company as Director of Retail Operations and Marketing. In 1987, Howard Schultz purchased Starbucks chain and rapidly started to expand. The first location outside Seattle was established at Waterfront Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Chicago, Illinois. In 1992, its initial public offering (IPO) on the stock market with common stock being traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the trading symbol â€Å"SBUX. † In 1996, Starbucks opened first store outside of U. S in Japan. Today, there are more than 15,000 stores in 50 countries all of the world, including with over two thirds in the home market in the United States. The products sold include coffee, beverages, merchandise, and fresh food and consumer products such as coffee beans, Starbucks cups and so on. Besides, Starbucks engages in gaining the brands add value such as business responsibly nowadays that earn the respect and trust of the partners and customers. They claimed that two areas including ethical sourcing, environmental stewardship and community involvement would be focused on. For example, the plan of Starbucks Corporation is that by 2015, all of the coffee will be grown using ethical trading and responsible growing practices. Besides, they also said that by 2015, 100% of our cups will be reusable or recyclable. So, what Starbucks Corporation emphasized is not only the tangible products, but the intangible assets such as brand image or the add value. The development and concept of the Strategic Marketing First of all, I want to define what is ‘market’ and ‘marketing. ’ The word ‘market’ can be referred to the process of exchange controlled by supply and demand, and the price involved. The word ‘marketing’ is the relationship between supply and demand and now favors demand and consumer choice. (Chapman and Cowdell, 1998) Trace back to the origins of modern marketing, it is from the Industrial Revolutions in Britain around 1750 and in the Germany and USA around 1830. The emphasis earlier was on â€Å"how to do it,† with a focus of the technique of marketing. As time goes by, people pay more attention on the philosophy of marketing and influence on stakeholders and society as a whole. Jobber and Fahy, 2009) Therefore, the strategic marketing becomes more and more significant since it can help organizations to find its own position of the competitive market; thus, they just can justify their strategy against whether the existing or the potential competitors. Therefore, organizations should classify the marketing environment including competitive environment (its immediate competitors and customers) and the macro-environment (the wider social, political and economic setting they operate. In order to develop the right strategy whether for short-term or long-term, organizations not only need to know the concept of strategic marketing but also how to use it within the competitive marketing. In addition, fundamental to strategic thinking is the concept of ‘strategic fit. ’ It indicates how organizations match the internal resources and capabilities with the opportunities in the external environment. The strategic model used to evaluate the appropriateness of the vision or decision making of the organizations (Hooley G et al 2008). A competitive advantage can be developed successfully by a suitable and unique combination of capabilities and resources. Nevertheless, organizations should pay more attention to classify the differentiation between resources and capabilities. Capabilities are focused on the learning effect of the organizations’’ possesses, whereas resources is connected to the inputs to production owned by the organizations. In other words, they should seek the appropriate balance between the marketing of functionalism and fundamentalism under this ever-changing market actually. Black Box Method Kotler et al. (2009) explain that the consumer is regarded as a ‘black box’ in the sense that the consumer’s behavior is a conditioned response to marketing stimuli. After consumers making decision of purchase, the black box concept in behavior science responses. Because of the external stimulation, the consumers’ decision making process will be affected by the marketing planning and environment. The significance and the strengths of the model is that after consumers processing the various stimuli in their mind, they will react in specific ways. Generally speaking, in the model, the external elements to the consumer will move to behavioral stimuli; however, before a specific behavioral reaction is created, the consumer’s decision-making process and personal characteristics will interact with the stimuli. On the other hand, in the ‘black box’ model, people can’t get much information about the way human mind operates. The weakness of this model is people still cannot get the ideas of what goes on in the brain and have no ideas about what goes on in there. In other words, through the ‘black box’ model the main internal process and influences of consumer’ behavior can be identified when consumer behavior operates, but the way how consumers convert the data, together with the stimuli, to act specific responses cannot be available. So, it is just called the ‘black box’ model. (Kotler et al. 2009) The figure is shown the content and process involved in the ‘black box’ model. Therefore, in order to understand consumers’ behavior in the market, organizations need to realize the fundamental process of perception and motivation. Through economic analysis and behavioral adds value can help organizations to make the marketing planning (Chapman and Cowdell 1998). Take Starbucks Corporation for example, last year (2009) in order to to maintain its brand image as a premium customer experience, it revealed â€Å"a long term, multi-million dollar† advertising campaign in the US, as it seeks to combat perceptions that its products are over-priced. As Howard Schultz, chief executive, said that they indicated the new â€Å"value focused† offerings had improved customers’ perception of the value of its products and it is based on the company’s research (Jonathan Birchall 2009). Source: Keegan et al. (1992, p. 193) Marketing Demand Chain Approach Demand is the relationship between needs and wants and also can be inferred to producer/supplier and consumer. Whole markets are motivated by demand; consumers can exercise demand by choice freely (Chapman and Cowdell 1998). A demand chain is composed of the organizations which sell products or services. For example, from the customer perspective, the demand chain may be composed by the customers who lead the sales transaction and the suppliers who sell or create the goods. Or from the supplier perspective, the suppliers create or offer the products and the customers buy it. In addition, the market for specific products or service can be defined by a three-dimensional box. The three sides of the box are product purchase, buyer group and buyer location (Chapman and Cowdell 1998). For example, the demand for Starbucks Corporation can be defined using this method. Buyer group could be identified by age, education or salary characteristics – such as students, white collar workers and retired people. Product purchase could identify the range or type the products offering such as beverage, pastries, whole coffee beans, coffee-related retail items and so on. Then, buyer location could be described the locations of buyer groups. Under this complicated and competitive coffee market, the demand chain approach is appropriate for managers to use the concept of identifying the market segmentations. Once the demand is identified, the necessary change and strategic marketing planning of the business environment could be evaluated effectively. The competitive position and market segmentation of Starbucks Corporation ‘Position’ describes the characteristic place in the market and becomes important more and more in a competitive market because it makes the comparisons to be set between organizations, products and services. It also makes the market segmentation to be classified and the competition analysis and market analysis to be connected to an organization’s strategy. The market segmentation is produced by the differences in customer’s needs, wants and attitudes (Chapman and Cowdell, 1998. Take Starbucks Corporation for a case, numerous cheap coffees are available, what is its attraction under this competitive coffee market? The idea can be also referred to â€Å"the role of positioning is to support that process, not to be it. † (Mintzberg et al 2009) The advantage of defining the position is to help Starbucks Corporation both defending itself and attacking the existing or potential competitors by utilizing the strategic tools such as Porter’s generic strategies, Porter’s five forces and so on. For example, using Porter’s generic strategies for the strategic tool shown below, differentiation focus is Starbucks Corporation’s position compared with other competitors. Hence, the suitable strategy could be set by it. Through identifying the position of the market, not only analyzing the competitors but creating competitive advantages is necessary to organizations. Competitor identification is the purpose of competitor analysis and it investigates competitor strategies, objectives, capabilities and prediction of response patterns. In addition, the process is to offer a foundation of competitive advantages, defining their future strategies. Competitive advantages are the resources and skills of the organizations; classification of the organization’s core competences could be available by analyzing those factors (Jobber 2001). â€Å"Customized mass production† of Starbucks Corporation For Starbucks, it is very important that it provides mass customization to their customers. They obey the conception which is every customer is unique. Therefore, both products and services are created to be a unique experience and atmosphere for the customers individually. So, what customer pay for is not just the products or services but including the unique experience and atmosphere. As B. Joseph Pine (1999) said, â€Å"We have shifted from a goods economy (coffee beans in a can) to a service economy (hot coffee at a diner) to an experience economy (coffee sold in a special mug, in comfortable surroundings – Starbucks). † In other words, under an ever-changing economy, what trend the organizations should follow is that converts products into services and then services into a unique and memorable experience. The unique and memorable experience is the differentiation between Starbucks and its existing or potential competitors. Starbucks Corporation’s Strategic Marketing Planning Strategic Marketing Planning includes the competitive position creating of both the organization and its offerings, core strategy decision making and implementing that strategy. The significance of planning marketing strategies for organizations are to make sure that the organizations’ capabilities are appropriate or not and it is not just for short-term but for the long-term (Hooley et al, 2008). Besides, organizations also need the market audit to model and understand the key factors in the marketing environment. A marketing audit could be defined that â€Å"it is an essential tool for the periodic reassessment of any organization’s marketing effectiveness. † It is the way to analyze organizations’ environment, activities and strategies critically, and improve them (Chapman and Cowdell, 1998. ) Starbucks Corporation’s strategic marketing planning starts with marketing audit and it could be divided to three parts, macro environment, internal environment and external environment. Macro environment is examined to recognize the directions and patterns; inter environment is scanned to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses and opportunity and threat is involved in external environment. * PESTEL analysis For macro environment, it could start with PESTEL analysis (an acronym for Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, Technological, Ethical and Environmental and Legal factors) of the organizations’ environment. Starbucks Corporation tends to classify main drivers which play important role in the strategic marketing planning by its PESTEL analysis. Take the socio-cultural environment for example; identifying the difference such as consumer preferences could shift from coffee to other beverages can help Starbucks Corporation finding the target groups by setting the suitable marketing strategies. In addition, increasing usage of community networks such as Facebook in the technological environment can provide Starbucks Corporation the efficient way to promote the brand on the popular channel nowadays. In other words, organizations can understand the macro environment by using strategic tools and then set the appropriate marketing strategies for not only now but for the future. Appendix-A provides the summaries of Starbucks Corporation’s PESTEL environment * SWOT analysis For internal environment (strengths and weaknesses) analysis, its purpose is to make organizations to get valuable chances and then to enable them taking advantages of them. For external environment (opportunity and threat) analysis, a marketing opportunity is a field of buyer interest and need that organization with high possibility of beneficially satisfying. In addition, an environmental threat is a danger by a negative development or trend that would lead to decrease profit or sales (Kotler and Keller 2009. According to the information of the internal environment and external environment, Starbucks Corporation develops SWOT analysis to classify the key strengths and weaknesses related to opportunities and threats (Appendix-B). Consider this case, the strengths such as strong global coffee brand, differentiated atmosphere and customer base loyalty would let Starbucks Corporation to grow the market share in new markets such as some specific cities with high population density in China. Besides, take the other care for example, facing the threat of more and more competitors are from various channels such as McDonald in the competitive market, Starbucks Corporation develop new strategy to defense it. Last year (2009), Starbucks Corporation embraced customer research surveys and ran its first major advertising campaign (Claire Cain Miller 2010). * TOWS Matrix The SWOT analysis provides the identification of organizations’ strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Nevertheless, according to such an nalysis, it is rarely and static of the development of definite substitute strategies. Hence, the TOWS Matrix is instituted for analysis the competitive situation of organizations or lead to the evolution of four different sets of strategic alternatives. In addition, the TOWS Matrix is a conceptual structure and begins with the threats since organizations try to make strategic marketing planning under the pressure of perceiving danger, crisis, or threat (Koontz and Weihrich 2007). Appendix-B shows the example of TOWS Matrix. Starbucks Corporation plans to spend the majority of its $40m marketing budget to promote its Via brand of instant coffee and Frappucino drinks through grocery stores (Greg Farrell 2010. ) This is the example for the SO strategy of Starbucks Corporation based on the strength of strong global coffee brand and the opportunity of New products/services/ distribution channels. In addition, take the other case for example, in 2009 the New York City’s Department of Health and Mental Hygiene released the results of a study about the ordering habits at 115 Starbucks stores in the city. The study, which was conducted in 2007, found that the average blended drink had 239 calories. The average cup of coffee had 63 calories. â€Å"The popularity of blended coffee beverages has grown in recent years,† Dr. Thomas A. Farley, the city’s health commissioner, said in a statement. â€Å"Unfortunately, many of these drinks are loaded with calories. Your afternoon pick-me-up may be weighing you down. † After that announcement, Valerie O’Neil, a vice president at Starbucks, said in a statement: â€Å"We offer wholesome food and beverage options for our customers, including blended coffee beverages less than 100 calories. Looking forward, we continue to find helpful ways to deliver information for our customers to make more informed choices. † (A. G. Sulzberger 2009) This is the example for the ST strategy of Starbucks Corporation based on the strength of product diversification and the treats of healthy issue (calories). In other words, by using the TOWS Matrix, organizations can know that how to take advantages of the opportunities. Meanwhile, the impact of weaknesses could be minimized and defense them against threats. By clearly identifying the analysis of threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strength, organizations can make the appropriate strategic marketing decisions actually. Pricing strategies of Starbucks Corporation â€Å"Price may be defined as the value (measures by whatever means is appropriate) given to a product or a service by a market. The price of a product or a service refers to the term by which it can be acquired, and may be expressed in monetary or non-monetary terms (Chapman and Cowdell 1998). In organizations, designing pricing strategies effectively not only needs a systematic approach but also a complete understanding of consumer psychology and then just can set or adapt prices appropriately (Kotler and Keller 2009). Consider the case of Starbucks Corporation, last year (2009) they announced a new pricing scheme. It included the price decreased of many of its popular products such as brewed coffees and lattes. This action is in order to confront the danger of the other organization with offering lower price coffee such as McDonald’s stealing price sensitive customers (Claire Cain Miller 2009). However, in this article written by Claire Cain Miller in the New York Times, it also mentioned Starbucks increased some drinks’ price including Frappuccinos and caramel macchiatos. The reason is that Starbucks thought there are less competition from rivals in higher-end more complex drinks. Starbucks is attempting to make the most profit from its loyal customers who are desired on its products and expecting they will patronize Starbucks continually. Jobber and Fahy (2009) stated that positioning strategy is one of the key factors influencing price-setting decisions. Positioning strategy includes the creation of a differential advantage and the preference of target market. These factors affect price enormously. In addition, price is the main element to make great influence to the marketing strategies since it is the only factor of the marketing mix that impact on the generates revenue directly. Indeed, the pricing strategy plays a very important role of organizations because it is can be a good indicator of its future growth potential. How to cite The Marketing Strategy Analysis of Starbucks Corporation, Essay examples

Approaching Thing Slavery Lacanian Analysis -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Approaching Thing Slavery Lacanian Analysis? Answer: Introducation The above quoted lines of Banquo from the famous play of William Shakespeare, Macbeth, tell us about the real nature of the supernatural elements in the context of our world (Lowrance, 2012). The supernatural elements, since the 6th Century B.C have been an important element of the Literary world (Punter, 2015). In the 19th century, the emergence of the Gothic Literature confirmed the love, which people generally hold for the supernatural elements (Botting, 2012). Many authors as well as poets since then have made use of the elements of supernaturalism to bridge the gap between the real as well as the unreal elements in Literature (Botting, 2012). Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and Toni Morrisons Beloved are two such novels of the 20th century which marketing use of the elements of supernatural elements transcend the gap between the real world as well as the unreal world (Hauhart, 2013). It is to be noted that the novel Beloved by Toni Morrison is often looked upon by the critics as on e of the progenitors of the artistic style of magical realism (Hauhart, 2013). The Great Gatsby The novel The Great Gatsby is often considered by many to be the masterpiece of F. Scott Fitzgerald. The novel talks about the concept of The Great American Dream and its corruption (Fitzgerald, 1950). It is the story of Jay Gatsby and his love for his unrequited love for his beloved Daisy Buchanan (Fitzgerald, 1950). The entire life of Gatsby revolves around one thing, that is, to get back Daisy in his life. However, in the climax of the novel he realizes that all his life he had loved a tinsel goddess, whom is not worth his love as well as devotion (Fitzgerald, 1950). The author to render the unrequited love of Gatsby a fairy tale element makes use of various supernatural elements like alcohol, phone, valley of ashes, green light outside the house of Daisy and various others. Some of the supernatural elements used in the novel are as follows- Valley of ashes The valley of ashes metaphorically represents the present state of the world. It can also be compared to the Inferno of Dantes The Divina Commedia (Fitzgerald, 1950). The author makes use of the supernatural element to portray the emotionless as well as the ruined life of the residents of this living Inferno. Therefore, it can be said that the valley of ashes is not just a supernatural element but it forms one of the structural elements of the novel (Hauhart, 2013). Green light The supernatural element of the green light which is ever present outside the house of Daisy and visible to Gatsby, is the symbol of the eternal hope, which is ever burning in the heart of the protagonist of the novel. This supernatural element symbolizes Gatsbys hope that maybe one day the wheels of fate will turn and his beloved will come back to him (Hauhart, 2013). Alcohol Alcohol is another element which is ingrained into the structural element of the novel. It is seen that alcohol is one of the common used element in the novel and forms one of the essential ingredients of the parties which Gatsby organizes in the hope that maybe one-day Daisy will come to one of his parties and get impressed by all the wealth as well as the grandeur of his greatness (Hauhart, 2013). It is also to be noted that just like the way in the Gothic novels, the lead character under the spell of the supernatural elements give away all their secrets, so in this novel as well the lead characters under the spell of alcohol give away all their secrets. Beloved Beloved, is often considered to be the masterpiece of the Nobel Laureate, Toni Morrison (George, 2012). The novel explores the lives of the slaves of Kentucky who have been illegally kidnapped and brought from their native land of Africa to work as slaves in America (George, 2012). The novel provides a penetrating insight into the lives of the black slaves and their community during the Civil War, through accounting of the slave, Margaret Garner, who killed her daughter in order to save her from the cruel institution of slavery (Morrison, 2010). This dead daughter of Margaret mysterious returns back to life as an adult person to haunt her mother and her younger sister. The author, the first African American to win the Nobel Prize, makes use of some supernatural elements to render the lives of the black slaves more real as well as fantastical at the same time (George, 2012). Some of the supernatural elements used by the author are as follows- Water Water is one of the most dominant supernatural elements to be used in the novel. It is to be noted that the crossing over of the middle passage, many African women killed themselves by jumping into the ocean (Morrison,2010). Therefore, the author uses the symbol of water as a supernatural element in the novel. It is to be noted that the dead daughter of Seth, emerges from the river as a fully-grown woman, Seth cannot hold her uterus and has to relieve herself in the middle of the road and when she relieves herself, she feels that the entire river which she crossed while giving birth to the daughter whom she killed herself, will come out of her. It also to ne noted that Beloved sees the image of Seth in the water and considers Seth to be her mother on the basis of that. Trees Trees are another important supernatural symbol used in the novel. It is to be noted that the native Americans used to consider the native Africans to be mystical creatures who used to live on trees in their native country. Thus, it is to be noted that there are many mystical references to trees in the novel. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the various elements of supernaturalism form an important element of the different novels of the 20th century. The elements of supernaturalism are often used by the authors in a bid to cross the thin bridge between reality and fantasy and to render the past world more mystical as well as romantic. Thus, the authors of the novels, The Great Gatsby as well as Beloved have incorporated the elements of supernaturalism in the novels to render them more fantastical and also to make an appeal to the inner nature of the human beings. References Botting, F. (2012). In Gothic Darkly: Heterotopia, History, Culture. A New operations to the Gothic, 13-24. Fitzgerald, F. (1950). The great Gatsby. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. George, S. (2012). Approaching the Thing of slavery: a Lacanian analysis of Toni Morrison's Beloved. African American Review, 45(1), 115-130. Hauhart, R. C. (2013). Religious Language and Symbolism in The Great Gatsbys Valley of Ashes. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews, 26(3), 200-204. Lowrance, B. (2012). " Modern Ecstasy": Macbeth and the management of the Political. ELH, 79(4), 823-849. Morrison, T.(2010). Beloved. Fyfield, Oxfordshire: Oak Tree Fine Press.

Minimum Wage The Questionable Policy Essays - Economy, Business

Minimum Wage: The Questionable Policy As early as 6.00 am in a dark and cold morning of Midwest winter, a few people walking on an icy sidewalk. Under chilling wind, those people walk to a large, old building. Inside the building, the people work for repetitive, backbreaking low waged jobs. In the same day, late at night, you can see similar scene: some people walking out of the building under heavy snowstorm. Being one of those people, I know the feeling of a minimum waged worker. Like all of those workers, I feel exhausted after finishing my job. Everyday, I wait with impatience to hear my supervisor say That is it, turn off the belt. After put off my safety gloves and sweep my sweat, I can only think to return to my room and sleep. I lost most of my time and energy just for a few dollars. There are a lot of people that work harder and earn less than me. The poor, especially less-skilled workers, has access only to bad jobs at bad wages (Blank 64). Those workers always face bad situation. They are poor. They are struggling to sustain the life of their families. On the contrary, the owners of the company where they work have a high standard of living. Bad wage is advantageous for the group of people known as traditional elites who own labor-intensive firms because it lowers production cost, thus increase the competitiveness of the product. For that reason, it is natural for the traditional elites to keep wage as low as possible. This action creates what Karl Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto as naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation (82). The minimum wage seems to be an appealing solution against these abusive exploitations. Applying a minimum wage law, government can force a wealth distribution among the owners and their lowest level workers. On Saturday, June 25, 1938, The U.S. Congress first instituted a minimum wage with the Fair Labor Standard Act. The minimum wage was set at 25 cents per working hour (US Department of Labor). The federal minimum wage is increase overtime, adjusted for higher living cost due to accumulated inflation. The minimum wage level is currently set at $5.15 per working hour (2001). An increase in minimum wage can help the poor by substantial amount. A 75-cent per hour increase in the minimum wage means an additional $1,500 for a minimum wage earner who works full-time, year round as much as the average family spends on groceries in 6 months (Bureau of Labor Statistics). For a minimum wage worker, this fund injection is greatly helpful. Minimum wage increase is undoubtedly favorable for low waged earners, even if their current wage is well above the minimum wage. A theory known as the ripple effects (Welch 26) said that an imposed minimum wage increase all wages, and lowest wages are affected most. There is at least another advantage of imposing higher minimum wage. According to Gregory Mankiw, one of the ten principles of microeconomics is people respond to incentives (7). Higher wages give stronger incentive to the labors, and as a result, a stronger effort to work. In other words, higher wages can generate higher profit. This opinion sounds too good to be true, but when Henry Ford open his famous car factory, the theory is proofed. With a very generous wage in his time, Ford recorded one of the greatest successes in the history. As popularly believed, minimum wage provides a win-win situation to deprive poverty. If it is so advantageous then we should raise the minimum wage with a substantial ammount. The vast majority of Americans will agree to raise the minimum wage to $5 per hour or more. How many will agree to increase minimum wage to $100 per hour? I am sure that most well educated person will not agree to such an extreme increase. According to the law of supply, a high price level will raise the quantity demanded. With a very few exception, this law prevail for all kinds of market, including the market of labor. Thus, an upsurge in the minimum wage will promote the number of people interested to join the labor force. The new labor emerge from

Canterbury essays

Canterbury essays The Clerks Tale is an indirect response to the Wife of Bath who stated that women desire complete sovereignty over their husbands and lovers. The Clerk puts forth a diametrically opposite view and draws the sketch of a totally submissive Chaucers source for the Clerks tale is Petrarchs Fable of Obedience and Wifely Faith written in Latin that was in turn derived from Boccaccios Decameron. Chaucer closely follows Petrarchs text. Chaucer makes the Clerk candidly acknowledge that his tale is derived from "Frauncey's Petrak". The Clerks Tale is suited to his character as a serious student. His tale too has a scholarly theme and deals with the issue of genuine obedience and loyalty in a wife. Griseldas story upholds faith in goodness even in times of adversity. It is definitely a moral tale and the Clerk relates it with all seriousness and The Hosts warning to the Clerk to keep his language simple and to tell an entertaining and adventurous tale were not needed. The tale proves that the Clerk was not an ossified academic. However the Clerk does not relate an adventurous tale and does make use of rhetoric and figures of speech. When the Clerk concludes his tale the Host commends him for relating his story in a sweet and Chaucer has invested, the folk tale Petrarchan version of the patient Griseldas story, with an amazing degree of realism. Griselda comes across as a real life human character. Her sincerity to her husband and affection for her children seem realistic. Her pathos is heart rending and earns the readers Griseldas story of long suffering may be unappealing to modern readers. But it is important to interpret the tale in the context of the fourteenth century. Griselda was simply acting in accordance ...

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 44

Ethics - Essay Example The objective of this paper is therefore, to identify examples of dubious activities which are involved in this movie. The first ambiguous activities in the movie, is the way most of the employees who work for the brokerage company becomes millionaires very fast. In real life situations, it takes a while for someone to become a millionaire. For example, in one of the scenes where Snarls Jin tells new recruits that the company does not hire brokers, but they train millionaires. This does not make sense because first of all, this is a brokerage firm, but one of the senior most managers tells its employees that they do not hire brokers, but train them to become millionaires. In addition its common knowledge that, every manager will always try to show new recruits, the company’s laid down rules. Therefore, the activities that the company; is involved with is ethically questionable. The moral philosophy by which the parties seemed to have relied to justify their actions is mala prohibita. This moral philosophy, describes the acts which are not morally wrong, but however, the law prohibits them (Mara and Roberts 108). The parties in the movie relied upon this philosophy to justify their actions by getting involved in dubious stock exchange in order to get rich quickly. This is because when they are caught, the law enforcers will not be able to find any evidence against them, unless they do a much thorough investigation. In addition to that, the constitution is also not very clear on what penalties someone found committing mala prohibita should be given (Mara and Roberts 109). The two alternative philosophies which could have led the parties to different results are mala in se and misdemeanor. Mala in se can be defined as those acts which are immoral and very wrong for killing someone. Misdemeanor on the other hand can be said to be those crimes which are not very serious and therefore attract less penalties (Mara and Roberts 110). In case the

Does islam permite acting in film and theatre Essay - 1

Does islam permite acting in film and theatre - Essay Example Acting is generally forbidden in Islam but is allowed for certain constructive purposes provided certain conditions are followed. The issue of acting being allowed or forbidden in Islam is a topic of great controversy among the scholars and interpreters of Islam. However there is complete consensus among all the various scholars about the type of acting which involves obscenity, interaction between men and women and other evil actions. All the scholars unanimously agree on the prohibition of this type of acting in Islam. There is no dispute among the Islamic scholars as far as this kind of acting is concerned (Al-Munajjid 2009). The prohibition of this type of acting is clear from the saying of Sheikh Abu Bakr Zayed (may Allah preserve him) to the effect that chivalry (behaving properly and decently) happens to be an objective of sharee’ah, plus whatever undermines that makes a person unsuitable for giving statement in court. Islamic teachings stress upon lofty characteristics and prohibit base and low characteristics. And as far as acting is concerned, actors are mostly seen by the viewers as performing ridiculous activities and moving and talking in a ridiculous way. They are yet seen as feigning madness. Thus it is proven beyond doubt that acting is among those things that seriously undermine chivalry. This further leads to the fact that acting is among those things which make a person unsuitable for giving testimony in the court of law. Such a thing cannot be approved of by Sharee’ah in any way. Now let us consider the type of acting about which there exists a controversy among the scholars of Islam. Some forbid it completely while others allow it within certain guidelines of Sharee’ah. This controversial type of acting is one that involves two or more than two persons performing before a group, through actions and dialogue, with a purpose to teach the group about Islamic principles and injunctions, or

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay The term perpetual motion exactly refers to the movement that goes forever. However the term usually refers to any device that Always produces more energy than it consumes that ultimately results in a net output of energy for indefinite time. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, according to this law there could not be any such kind of machine in existence. The most commonly contemplated type of perpetual motion machine is a mechanical system which sustains motion indefinitely, regardless of losing energy to  friction  and  air resistance. A second type of impossible perpetual motion machine is one which does not violate conservation of energy, but produces work by spontaneously extracting  heat  from its surroundings, thereby cooling them down, and converting the heat energy into mechanical work. Such machines are prohibited by the  second law of thermodynamics. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE The perpetual motion machine violates both first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement of conservation of energy while the second law has so many different kinds of definitions, and can be described in many ways. The most common definition of second law is heat always flows from hot body to colder body. No heat engine can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engine Machines which are claimed not to violate either of the two laws of thermodynamics but rather to generate energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines. By way of example, it is possible to design a clock or other low-power machine, such as Coxs timepiece, which runs on the differences in barometric pressure or temperature between night and day. Such a machine has a source of energy, albeit one from which it is impractical to produce power in quantity. CLASSIFICATION OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF FIRST ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF THIRD ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER Impossible machines. Our second kind is of machines that challenge logic; like the drawings of Maurice Escher, where water runs perpetually downhill, but in a closed cycle. In fact, Escher did make one drawing of a waterwheel run perpetually in such a flow (See Figure ). Another impossible machine has weights of magnitude 9 on one side which become of weight 6 on the other when the weights turn upside-down It is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics. This type of machine is different from real heat engines (such as car engines), which always involve a transfer of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder one, the latter being warmed up in the process. In a perpetual motion machine of the second kind there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is not possible, according to the second law of thermodynamics. In relevance, for example, an automobile engine is not a perpetual motion machine because it works on the basis of the temperature difference between the fuel burning in the cylinder and the cooler environment outside. In order so that it functions, some of the chemical energy released as heat when the fuel burns must not be converted to work, but must be exhausted to the cooler reservoir of the environment by the exhaust gas and the radiator. As explained by statistical mechanics, there are far more states in which heat distribution is close to thermodynamic equilibrium than states in which heat is concentrated in small regions, so temperatures will tend to even out over time, reducing the amount of free energy available for conversion to mechanical energy. Why is Perpetual Motion considered to be Impossible? The idea of perpetual motion sounds so clear-cut. An electric car powered by perpetual motion could recharge its own batteries forever, or a perpetual motion clock could without human intervention rewind itself for years. But there is a reason why perpetual motion machines remain in the area of dream; its the Laws of Thermodynamics. Some inventions may appear to run by perpetual motion, but they usually rely on a hidden source of external energy. Both the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics keep our perpetual motion car in the garage. According to one portion of the First Law, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed to different forms. The batteries which power an electric car only contain a fixed amount of energy. Most of this energy goes into propelling the electric motor, but some is inevitably lost through friction and the recreation of momentum after a stop. Our perpetual motion cars recharger would have to create even more energy in order to keep the batteries at full capacity. No such power generator exists, nor can one be built if the Laws of Thermodynamics are true. The Second Law of Thermodynamics also prevents perpetual motion machines from becoming reality. Part of the Second Law states that heat energy inevitably seeks out cold areas, eventually creating a neutral temperature state called entropy. This means our proposed perpetual motion car will eventually conk out from a lack of usable heat energy. The motor casing gets hot during work, and some of that heat energy would be dissipated into the air, not back into the battery system. Since external factors such as gravity and friction would be constantly pulling on the machine, eventually all of the usable energy would be lost. Perpetual motion machines would only be possible if a substance could be found that generated more energy than it used. Some inventors hoped that radioactive materials would prove to be useful as perpetual motion engines, but their energy is still considered finite. Magnets have also been used to power would-be perpetual motion machines, but their continued operation often requires some external energy source. Gravity is usually considered a force hostile to the cause of perpetual motion, but some inventors use gravity to their advantage when creating theoretical perpetual motion machines. Because scientific laws and theories generally deem perpetual motion impossible, patent offices are extremely reluctant to grant patents for such machines. Proposed perpetual motion machines are the only devices which require a working model at the time of patent application. To date, no inventor has successfully submitted a working model of a true perpetual motion machine MACHINES THAT WORKS ON PERPETUAL MOTION Motionless Electromagnetic Generator, a device that supposedly taps vacuum energy. Perepiteia, a device that claims to utilize back EMF. Stanley Meyers water fuel cell Motionless Electromagnetic Generator An electromagnetic generator without moving parts includes a permanent magnet and a magnetic Core including first and second magnetic paths. A first input coil and a first output coil extend around Portions of the first magnetic path, while a second input coil and a second output coil extend around Portions of the second magnetic path. The input coils are alternatively pulsed to provide induced Current pulses in the output coils. Driving electrical current through each of the input coils reduces a Level of flux from the permanent magnet within the magnet path around which the input coil extends. In an alternative embodiment of an electromagnetic generator, the magnetic core includes annular Spaced-apart plates, with posts and permanent magnets extending in an alternating fashion between the plates. An output coil extends around each of these posts. Input coils extending around portions of the plates are pulsed to cause the induction of current within the output coils. WATER FUEL CELL The water fuel cell is a purported perpetual motion machine invented by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940   March 21, 1998). He claimed that an automobile retrofitted with the device could use water as fuel as a substitute of gasoline. The fuel cell supposedly split water into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen was then burned to generate energy, a process that reconstituted the water molecules. According to Meyer, the device required less energy to perform electrolysis than the minimum energy requirement predicted or measured by conventional science. If the device worked as specified, it would violate both the first and second laws of thermodynamics, allowing operation as a perpetual motion machine. Meyers claims about his Water Fuel Cell and the car that it powered were found to be fraudulent by an Ohio court in 1996. Throughout his patents and marketing material, Meyer uses the terms fuel cell or water fuel cell to refer to the portion of his device in which electricity is passed through water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Meyers use of the term in this sense is different towards its usual meaning in science and engineering, in which such cells are typically called electrolytic cells. Furthermore, the term fuel cell is generally reserved for cells which produce electricity from a chemical redox reaction, whereas Meyers fuel cell consumed electricity, as shown in his patents and in the circuit pictured on the left. Meyer describes in a 1990 patent the use of a water fuel cell assembly' and portrays some images of his fuel cell water capacitor. According to the patent, in this case   the term fuel cell refers to a single unit of the invention comprising a water capacitor cell   that produces the fuel gas in accordance with the method of the invention. REFRENCES US Patent # 6, 362, 718, Motionless Electromagnetic Generator Patrick, et al. (March 26, 2002)

Literature Review †Business Schools Role in Society Essay

Introduction Since 2007, the people of this planet have been living on 150 percent of its natural resource capacity (WWF, 2010). Increase in consumption does not show any signs of slowing down, as a consequence of emerging third world countries. The role that business schools play in this situation and its importance cannot be understated (Financial Times, 2010). In order to save this planet, we need to create a sustainable business environment, where corporations put ethics and social responsibility in front of profits. We need to switch the focus of all businesses from shareholders to stakeholders. Can this actually be taught? Or do governments need to legislate such actions? This topic is especially interesting because of the weight of our future that lies within this. If we do not change the way we teach students about core values of our society, the future of our planet may become very undesirable. These sources were acquired mainly from the EUR sEURch engine, as well as reading several articles from global news agencies in order to grasp a certain overview of this topic. * * * Literature Investigation * Addressing Concerns Raised by Critics of Business Schools by Teaching Multiple Approaches to Management (Dyck, B et al. 2011) 0 This article is a study about two ways of teaching management at classroom level. The article mentions concerns from other researchers about the way management is being taught in today’s universities. The authors argue that today’s students have a materialistic-individualistic point of view during their studies, and that these characteristics are consolidated during their time in the business study. These arguments are supported by an experiment. The authors indicate that there is flaws in the way business schools teach, and therefore actions should be taken. Others reject this and say management is an objective science. * This article might help to understand how business schools can change in order to make students more focused on stakeholders and ethics than shareholder profits. The article was published in a journal called Business and Society Review. It holds many references, where three of them are from Harvard Business Review. It was published 2011, therefore its currency cannot be questioned. Arguments are supported by an experiment. However, only one experiment was conducted which included a relatively small sample. The role of business schools in society (Cornuel, E 2005) The main subject of this article is very closely related to arguments stated in the introduction. It underlines the important role that business schools play to raise awareness of corporate social responsibility. It briefly mentions the need of humbleness in today’s business schools. Published in The Journal of Management Development in 2005, the importance and relevance of this article has become more of a current interest after it was published. Although the arguments are logical, this source does not provide sufficient support for its arguments. However, it does discuss interesting points and views within the subject. The author is Eric Cornuel, an Affiliate Professor at HEC, and Director General & CEO of EFMD. The non-profit turn and its challenges for business schools (Cornuel, E & Kletz, P 2011) Here, the researchers describe the challenges that business schools are facing today. Aiming towards the increase in demand for managers with an education in non-profit organizational management. The increase in large foundations (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for example) is supposedly one of these demand shifters. The recent financial crisis is also argued to be one of the reasons for the movement towards education for non-profit and sustainability management at top business schools. There are two different models in how to change the curriculum in order to fill this need. The Double Standard Model, which argues that non-profit organizations should be managed differently than ordinary businesses, while the Business-Driven Model argues the opposite. Same author as in the previous source, Eric Cornuel, together with Pierre Kletz, Mandel Leadership Institution, Jerusalem, Israel. This research paper was published in the Journal of Management Development in 2011. This source gives meaningful insights to how and why business schools should make changes in their curriculum. Strategy & Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility (Porter, M & Kramer, M R 2006) This article was published in the Harvard Business Review in 2006. It is about how corporations can benefit from corporate social responsibility, instead of seeing it solely as a cost. One of the two authors is Michael Porter of Harvard Business School, one of the world’s most famous economists. This source is highly reliable because of two reasons. 1. Reputation of the author. 2. For the fact that it was published in one of the world’s most prestigious journals. It provides useful information for my future arguments, when it comes down to what business schools and businesses can gain from increasing CSR, and thereby improving global sustainability. Conclusion These articles all have one common argument. Business schools have to change. The disagreements lie in how this change should be executed, and what result that is to be expected from it (Financial Times, 2008). They all agree that business schools have a major impact on society, and therefore a great responsibility. Most researchers focus on how corporations must change, consequently leading to a change in demand for young managers with special skills in that area. Hence provoking the change of the business schools curriculum. This could be seen as delegating the responsibility of change to those corporations. As shown in the recent financial crisis, greed can make top executives act unethically, with no sense of corporate social responsibility. Should corporate social responsibility be legislated in order to achieve global sustainability? What role do business schools play in this? How can business schools act to ensure a positive future for our planet? Bibliography WWF 2010. Human demand outstrips nature’s supply, viewed 14 April 2012, Financial Times, 2010. Schools ignore sustainability revolution, viewed 17 April 2012, Dyck, B et al., 2011, ‘Addressing Concerns Raised by Critics of Business Schools by Teaching Multiple Approaches to Management’, Business and Society Review, Volume 116, Issue 1, pp. 1 – 27, viewed 17 April 2012, retrieved from Wiley Online Library database. Cornuel, E 2005, ‘Role of Business Schools in Society’, The Journal of Management Development, Volume 24, Issue 9, p. 819, viewed at 17 April 2012, retrieved from ABI/INFORM Complete database. Cornuel, E & Kletz, P 2011, ‘The non-profit turn and its challenges for business schools’ Journal of Management Development, Volume 30, Issue 5, pp. 483 – 491, viewed at 17 April 2012, retrieved from ABI/INFORM Complete database. Porter, M & Kramer, M R 2006 ‘Strategy & Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility’, Harvard business review, Volume 84, Issue 12, p. 78, viewed at 17 April 2012, retrieved from Business Source Premier database. Financial Times, 2008. The importance of sustainability, viewed 16 April 2012, Self Reflection I approached the writing of this essay by and initial review if my previously submitted work, in order to grasp the full context, but also to see where I wanted to go and remind myself of the opinions I had while writing. I mostly free wrote for quite some time, and then later putting it all together with more approvable sentences in an academic sense. My biggest struggle was to get all the sources together to create some sort of an overview of the topic, since many of the articles were devoted to certain specific topics. I (hopefully) overcame this by reading a lot of different sources, and making connections to my own topic. I learned that starting an essay by free writing is the best approach for me personally, although a lot of time has to be dedicated to editing in the end, especially in the sense of making it all stick together as a whole piece. *